The Citizenship Amendment Act 2019 and the National Register of Citizens in India are perceived as reflective of a religious classification in grant and continuance of Indian citizenship. The study aimed to discuss the future effects of the amended Citizenship Act 2019 and suggest alternatives to accommodate India's constitutional ethos. A considerable fraction of the Indian citizenry was discorded with this Act because Article 14 of the Indian Constitution prohibits discrimination based on religion, among other grounds. On the other hand, the state's stance asserted that the law aims to protect the persecuted religious minorities from other states. This study dealt with the nuances and intricacies of the problem to explicate viable solutions by an in-depth analysis of the issue in an unprejudiced manner where it used a combined doctrinal and empirical research to assess the perspectives on the policy in the Global South from the Indian experience. The findings reflected that while a majority of the provisions in the Act can be justified based on constitutional parameters, its few provisions are unconstitutional. In summary, even after juxtaposing all the justifications of the Act against the allegations, a considerable portion of the Act remains unconstitutional, and it needs to be revisited based on constitutional parameters.
Data has emerged as the most important economic asset in the digital economy. Firms in the digital era have been inclined to collect as much data as possible, which can then be used to make strategic business decisions to gain competitive significance over other market players. Data is the new oil in the global economy, and the big fish are eating up small ones to remain dominant in the market. The giant players are going for numerous mergers and acquisitions, with a special focus on small, emerging players in the market, and often, due to the requirement of a threshold for investigation, the combination goes unnoticed. The point of discussion is also whether we need a separate legislation to tackle these markets. This research focuses on the role of data, the big players and their merger patterns, and the enforcement gap in merger control regimes in global digital markets, where data plays a primary role. This research examines the intricacies of digital markets and the challenges they pose before competition authorities. While discussing the challenges, the authors have emphasised the parameters of jurisdictional threshold incorporated in competition regimes in varied jurisdictions. The research tries to propose a separate regime for digital market combinations.
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