Emotion Detection has been a topic of great research in the last few decades. It plays a very important role in establishing human computer interface. We as humans are able to understand the emotions of other person but it is literally impossible for the computer to do so. The present work is to achieve the same as accurately as possible. Emotion detection can be done either through text, speech, facial expression or gesture. In the present work the emotions are detected using Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. EEG records the electrical activity within the neurons of the brain. The main advantage of using EEG signals is that it detects real emotions arising straight from our mind and ignores external features like facial expressions or gesture. Hence EEG can act as real indicator of the emotion depicted by the subject. We have employed Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Machine Learning techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to classify EEG signals into seven different emotions. The accuracy achieved with both the algorithms is computed and compared. We are able to recognize seven emotions using the two algorithms, SVM and LDA with an average overall accuracy of 74.13% and 66.50% respectively. This accuracy was achieved after performing a 4-fold crossvalidation. Future applications of emotion detection includes neuro-marketing, market survey, EEG based music therapy and music player.

Fluorescence microscopy, which visualizes cellular components with fluorescent stains, is an invaluable method in image cytometry. From these images various cellular features can be extracted. Together these features form phenotypes that can be used to determine effective drug therapies, such as those based on nanomedicines. Unfortunately, fluorescence microscopy is time-consuming, expensive, labour intensive, and toxic to the cells. Bright-field images lack these downsides but also lack the clear contrast of the cellular components and hence are difficult to use for downstream analysis. Generating the fluorescence images directly from bright-field images using virtual staining (also known as “label-free prediction” and “in-silico labeling”) can get the best of both worlds, but can be very challenging to do for poorly visible cellular structures in the bright-field images. To tackle this problem deep learning models were explored to learn the mapping between bright-field and fluorescence images for adipocyte cell images. The models were tailored for each imaging channel, paying particular attention to the various challenges in each case, and those with the highest fidelity in extracted cell-level features were selected. The solutions included utilizing privileged information for the nuclear channel, and using image gradient information and adversarial training for the lipids channel. The former resulted in better morphological and count features and the latter resulted in more faithfully captured defects in the lipids, which are key features required for downstream analysis of these channels.

As machine learning and cybersecurity continue to explode in the context of the digital ecosystem, the complexity of cybersecurity data combined with complicated and evasive machine learning algorithms leads to vast difficulties in designing an end-to-end system for intelligent, automatic anomaly classification. On the other hand, traditional systems use elementary statistics techniques and are often inaccurate, leading to weak centralized data analysis platforms. In this paper, we propose a novel system that addresses these two problems, titled CAMLPAD, for Cybersecurity Autonomous Machine Learning Platform for Anomaly Detection. The CAMLPAD systems streamlined, holistic approach begins with retrieving a multitude of different species of cybersecurity data in realtime using elasticsearch, then running several machine learning algorithms, namely Isolation Forest, Histogram-Based Outlier Score (HBOS), Cluster-Based Local Outlier Factor (CBLOF), and K-Means Clustering, to process the data. Next, the calculated anomalies are visualized using Kibana and are assigned an outlier score, which serves as an indicator for whether an alert should be sent to the system administrator that there are potential anomalies in the network. After comprehensive testing of our platform in a simulated environment, the CAMLPAD system achieved an adjusted rand score of 95 percent, exhibiting the reliable accuracy and precision of the system. All in all, the CAMLPAD system provides an accurate, streamlined approach to real-time cybersecurity anomaly detection, delivering a novel solution that has the potential to revolutionize the cybersecurity sector.

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Large-scale microscopy-based experiments often result in images with rich but sparse information content. An experienced microscopist can visually identify regions of interest (ROIs), but this becomes a cumbersome task with large datasets. Here we present SimSearch, a framework for quick and easy user-guided training of a deep neural model aimed at fast detection of ROIs in large-scale microscopy experiments. Methods: The user manually selects a small number of patches representing different classes of ROIs. This is followed by feature extraction using a pre-trained deep-learning model, and interactive patch selection pruning, resulting in a smaller set of clean (user approved) and larger set of noisy (unapproved) training patches of ROIs and background. The pre-trained deep-learning model is thereafter first trained on the large set of noisy patches, followed by refined training using the clean patches. Results: The framework is evaluated on fluorescence microscopy images from a large-scale drug screening experiment, brightfield images of immunohistochemistry-stained patient tissue samples, and malaria-infected human blood smears, as well as transmission electron microscopy images of cell sections. Compared to state-of-the-art and manual/visual assessment, the results show similar performance with maximal flexibility and minimal a priori information and user interaction. Conclusions: SimSearch quickly adapts to different data sets, which demonstrates the potential to speed up many microscopy-based experiments based on a small amount Manuscript

Fluorescence staining techniques, such as Cell Painting, together with fluorescence microscopy have proven invaluable for visualizing and quantifying the effects that drugs and other perturbations have on cultured cells. However, fluorescence microscopy is expensive, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and the stains applied can be cytotoxic, interfering with the activity under study. The simplest form of microscopy, brightfield microscopy, lacks these downsides, but the images produced have low contrast and the cellular compartments are difficult to discern. Nevertheless, by harnessing deep learning, these brightfield images may still be sufficient for various predictive purposes. In this study, we compared the predictive performance of models trained on fluorescence images to those trained on brightfield images for predicting the mechanism of action (MoA) of different drugs. We also extracted CellProfiler features from the fluorescence images and used them to benchmark the performance. Overall, we found comparable and largely correlated predictive performance for the two imaging modalities. This is promising for future studies of MoAs in time-lapse experiments for which using fluorescence images is problematic. Explorations based on explainable AI techniques also provided valuable insights regarding compounds that were better predicted by one modality over the other.

Fluorescence microscopy, which visualizes cellular components with fluorescent stains, is an invaluable method in image cytometry. From these images various cellular features can be extracted. Together these features form phenotypes that can be used to determine effective drug therapies, such as those based on nanomedicines. Unfortunately, fluorescence microscopy is time-consuming, expensive, labour intensive, and toxic to the cells. Bright-field images lack these downsides but also lack the clear contrast of the cellular components and hence are difficult to use for downstream analysis. Generating the fluorescence images directly from bright-field images would get the best of both worlds, but can be very challenging to do for poorly visible cellular structures in the bright-field images. To tackle this problem deep learning models were explored to learn the mapping between bright-field and fluorescence images to enable virtual staining for adipocyte cell images. The models were tailored for each imaging channel, paying particular attention to the various challenges in each case, and those with the highest fidelity in extracted cell-level features were selected. The solutions included utilizing privileged information for the nuclear channel, and using image gradient information and adversarial training for the lipids channel. The former resulted in better morphological and count features and the latter resulted in more faithfully captured defects in the lipids, which are key features required for downstream analysis of these channels.

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