Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly lethal infectious disease causing huge health burden worldwide, commonly involving the respiratory system. Medical students should also be empowered to impart awareness and reduce stigma related to TB. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether educational intervention would affect the level of TB awareness, knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of TB among medical students.Methods: The present study was carried out among the second year medical college students of Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, India (n=142). A multiple-choice questionnaire of 45 questions was designed in English language, for pre- and post-tests. A 30-minute visual health education was given on TB and the assessment of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of TB was done by a pre-test and post-test questionnaire.Results: Out of the total 150 student, 142 participated in the study making the response rate 94.66%. The total mean percentage of correct answers for TB knowledge was 48.59 (±20.44) which improved to 69.33 (±17.74) post-training. The total mean percentage of right attitude was 63.036 (±16.46) which improved to 77.06 (±15.58) post-training. The total mean percentage of correct answer for preventive practice were provided by 67.036 (±12.90) which changed to 79.50 (±12.01) post-training. There was significant difference in the knowledge, attitude and preventive practice of students in pre- and post-training tests (p=0.001).Conclusions: Our findings revealed that medical students had poor knowledge. A simple TB education session had a positive influence on knowledge, attitude and preventive practices about TB among them.
Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common diabetic microvascular complication that typically develops after 10 years of diabetes diagnosis. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and visceral fat in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) cases with nephropathy and without-nephropathy complication.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, diabetic nephropathy was diagnosed on the basis of biochemical tests of urine albumin, serum creatinine, eGFR, BP, and clinical assessment in patients with T2D. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy estimated and the association between adiposity and diabetic nephropathy in patients T2D was evaluated. Measures of adiposity included body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), body fat percentage, muscle mass percentage and visceral fat percentage. Analysis of variance indicate difference in the various fat analysis parameters in presence and absence of nephropathy. PROC GLM procedure in the SAS Software was used for statistical calculations.Results: A total of 247 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 53.46±11.62 years; 39.5% females) were enrolled in this study. The participants were grouped as with Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) 41.60% (N=99) and without Diabetic Nephropathy (NDN) 58.40% (N=139). The comparison of DN and Non-DN groups showed no significant difference in the BMI, body and visceral fat, muscle mass percentage. Conclusions: Irrespective of the nephropathy status the body fat and visceral fat percentage is increased, and the muscle mass percentage is decreased in diabetes patients. As both obesity and diabetes contribute to the development and progression of renal disease, measures should to taken to reduce the body fat.
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