The discovery of a novel series of therapeutic agents that has been designed and optimized for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is reported. The pharmacological strategy was based on the identification of compounds that inhibit a defined subset of kinase enzymes modulating inflammatory processes that would be effective against steroid refractory disease and exhibit a sustained duration of action after inhaled delivery.
The phytosome technology was developed by Indena markedly enhancing the bioavailability of selected phytomedicines, by incorporating phospholipids into standardized plant extract, which improve their absorption and utilization. Phytosome are advanced form of herbal extract that shows better absorption profile than conventional herbal extract. The present review focus on the preparation and characterization techniques of phytosomes, merits and various landmarks in the field of phytosomes.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, whose prevalence is predicted to rise shortly. The present review focuses on the various ocular complications associated with DM, and the various ophthalmic formulation approaches developed to treat the same. Diabetic macular edema (DME), diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma are some of the major vision-threatening complications linked to DM. The ocular route of drug delivery has undergone several advancements in recent decades, the introduction of various novel drug delivery systems (DDS), various modifications in the existing formulation approaches, development of custom-designed personalized medications, being some of the major developments introduced in the field of ocular drug delivery. Due to the application of state-of-the-art technologies in the field of innovations related to ocular DDS, patients have been immensely benefited by the current modes of ocular treatment imparting fewer side effects, enhanced penetration, sustained drug effect, and so on. The present review includes and emphasizes the gradual development that has occurred from the conventional ophthalmic dosage forms to the currently reported novel ocular drug delivery approaches along with the related clinical research works.
Background:
Herbal extracts have brilliant in-vitro activity but less in-vivo action in light of
their macromolecular size and poor lipid solubility bringing about poor absorption and low bioavailability.
These issues can be corrected by designing novel drug delivery systems. Phytosomes provide better
absorption and bioavailability when compared to conventional herbal extract.
Objective:
This paper deals with the preparation, optimization and characterization of Phytosome of
plant extract and in vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity for improved therapeutic
efficacy having sufficient stability.
Methods:
Preliminary distinctive strategies were utilized to get ready Phytosome and antisolvent
precipitation method was chosen. The formulation was guided by a full factorial design to study the effect
of Independent variable on various dependent variables and resulted in an optimised product. Response
contour plots were generated for each response factor to predict a phytosomal composition that
yields phytosome formulation having least particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency.
Results:
Mean particle size, entrapment efficiency and Span value were found to be 295 ± 0.53nm, 82.43
± 1.65% and 0.34 ± 0.14 respectively. Zeta potential was found to be 19.35mv, indicating the formation
of stable formulation. In vitro release study described that the drug release follows the Korsmeyer-
Peppas kinetic model. The results proved that Phytosomes of Casuarina equisetifolia extract exhibited
more antidiabetic potential and antihyperlipidemic properties as compared to crude Casuarina extract.
Conclusion:
Phytosomes of Casuarina equestifolia extract was successfully formulated having good
entrapment efficiency and physico-chemical characterization of the optimized product, confirming the
formation of stable formulation. In vivo antidiabetic activity confirmed better potential of the optimised
formulation. Consequently, it has been presumed that Phytosomes of Casuarina equisetifolia extract
serve as a useful novel drug delivery system and provide more therapeutic efficacy than conventional
plant extracts.
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