Kathmandu, 30 contractors were randomly selected for survey and schedule of the action research. Descriptive and use of statistical tools like percentage mean calculation method (Direct Method) along with Comparative study Study of Present HR capacity of Nepalese Construction firms & HR requirement for ICB contract were done.Line Organization Structure was found to be adopted with three departments. Existing Class A Construction Companies are much more capable in terms of HR (Numbers, Experience & Projects Handled). Most of the companies follow management determination with best match for promotion decision rules whereas very few companies give promotion to their employees only on the basis of seniority. Regarding Health & Safety performance, the company follows a lot regarding safety rules, use of safety equipment, documentation & hazard analysis where as the company provides only a few health & safety training to a limited person which is required by laws. The health & safety policies are generally generated by managers only & for the very few times only employees are involved in developing the policies jointly. Health & safety policies, guidelines must be developed with the full assistance of employees working at site & the management team. Company must provide facilities like incentive package, well fare facilities to all their employees to hold them in the company for long time.

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Purpose: Development needs fund and foreign aid is one of the majour source of fund for developing countries. The Paper aims to analyse the trends and composition of foreign aids with case reference to the Swiss aid. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data from 2001/02 to 2014/15.Descriptive statistics has been applied to develop the trends and compositions. Findings/Result: In FY 2014/15, the total foreign aid commitment increased by totaling to Rs.1195.5 million as compared to Rs.2125.9 million in FY 2014/15. Of the total commitment in FY 2014/15 the contribution of bilateral aid was totaling and multilateral aid contributed. While categorizing the total foreign aid the share of grant assistance constituted and loan assistance million. In FY 2014/15 the foreign grant assistant subsequently increased by whereas foreign loan assistance decreased. The bilateral aid disbursement was out of total bilateral aid commitment. Multilateral aid disbursement was 56 percent. The amount of loan is increasing in the economy. This condition also indicates that in future debt burden in budgetary system is directly reducing the development expenditure which decreases the flow of budget in poverty reduction sectors. In amount Swiss aid is much less but is efficiency is widespread in increasing people's living standard. Due to 100% grant Swiss aid doesn't create fiscal burden in the economy. Originality/Value: it is an empirical research to signify the urgency of increasing Swiss aid and Swiss project in Nepal for sustained and broad-based economic development. Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research

Purpose: Nepal is small and beautiful country with a great deficiency in infrastructure development. Foreign aid is believed as key component for development in Nepal. The Paper aims to assess foreign aid contribution for developing Nepal. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on secondary data from 2001/02 to 2014/15 with special reference to Swiss aid. The correlation and regression with normality test have been applied to conform the contributory association among GDP, Swiss Aid and total Aid. Findings/Result: The real GDP and Aid are highly associated. The regression line is well fit and explained that 85 percent real GDP depends on Swiss aid and the remaining 14 percent other variables. The coefficient of LNTAD is 0.35 and it shows that one percent increase in the total aid increases real GDP by 0.35 percent. The coefficient of LNTAD is positive and significant, meaning that the increase in the total aid increases economic growth in Nepal. By using Brush- Godfery LM test, the P value is more than 5 five percent, which is 32 percent indicates that there is no autocorrelation among the error terms. Originality/Value: It is an empirical research to signify the contribution of aid for development of Nepal using inferential model. Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research

Purpose: Banking in Nepal is under the process of being systematized. Foreign aid is believed as key component for development in Nepal. This study aims to assess the impact, contribution and relationship of size, loans and deposit, inflation and capital on the profitability of the banks. Design/Methodology/Approach: Secondary data from 2013 to 2019 from seven commercial banks along with the survey as primary data were collected. The correlation and regression along with ratio analysis have been used to assure a contributory association among return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and net interest margin (NIM). Findings/Result: The size of banks is in increasing trend. The decreasing trend of standard deviation showed that the size of Nepalese commercial banks has lower variation in the use of total assets as the year increases. There is a negative relation between ROA and ROE with loan ratio, deposit ratio and capital ratio, while there is positive relation with bank size and inflation. However, in case of NIM, bank size, loan ratio, deposit ratio and inflation exhibit a positive relation while the capital ratio shows the negative relationship with NIM. Majority of the respondents feel that the publication of financial reports is one of the major influencing factors of bank profitability. Originality/Value: It is an empirical research to signify the contribution of Bank Size, Loan Ration, Deposit Ratio, Capital Ratio and Inflation as determinants of Profitability. Paper Type: Analytical Business Research.

Problems related to performances of the construction projects appear through different directions. Most of the projects fail either in time performance or in cost performance or both. So, the factors assessment in contemporary condition is most. This research was designed to conduct study of ten numbers of underconstruction projects funded by German government-owned development bank, KfW (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau) via TDF. Questionnaire surveys were conducted and examination of records from concerned representatives of the client, consultants and contractors within the research area has been carried out. The factors affecting the overall project performance were ranked using 'five-point' scale ranged from 1 (not important) to 5 (extremely important) and transformed to Relative Importance Index (RII). All projects under study have been granted extension of time based on the Public Procurement Act (PPA) 2063 and Public Procurement Regulation (PPR) 2064.This study shows material related factors as the most important factors among 8 numbers of groups for time overrun in projects. The potential effect of the time overrun in project is cost overrun followed by arbitration, Litigation, Dispute arousal and Total abandonment. The major factors that affect the performance of the project according to the ranking based on RII value for the perceived view of the client, consultants and the contractors on factors affecting the performance are Design related issues, shortage of materials, Quality related issues, slow decision making, construction methodology, labour supply, payment related issues, site management ,discrepancies in contract documents, flaws in organisational structure, interfaces, productivity, change orders, unforeseen site condition, weather conditions and regulatory changes that affect the overall project performance. The major factors identified needs to be addressed to minimize the project time overrun and hence its effects on the Project.

Purpose: The social imperative of Green Financing is most for saving the future. This imperative assessment focuses mostly on a new and innovative financial concept that is green financing, which is now functioning as one of the most important strategies to attain economic stability together with overall sustainable growth. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is descriptive in nature to analyze the future prospects of global financing in reference to Nepal. Literature based review dominated conceptual research is exploratory in nature. The key informants were consulted personally. On the basis of advantages, disadvantages, status, and actions required the professionals' opinions were documented using steps recommended by grounded theory. The Focus Group Discussion among professionals other than key informants was also done after collecting data personally on the same agendas for validation of research. It is furthermore illustrated with help of Ecotourism case analysis. It could be said partial ABCD based discussion and content analysis accumulated the research. Findings/Result: Globalization is having an increasingly negative impact on the environment, it is no longer an option for industries all over the globe to achieve overall green growth by adopting various green initiatives that allow them to achieve a climate-resilient future through both environmentalism and capitalism at the same time; rather, it is now a necessity rather than an option for them to do so. the function and relevance of green financing in not just one sector but for all other industries, which can embrace this concept in one way or another for the purpose of achieving total green growth has been illustrated. Despite the fact that green financing is currently a niche concept, the application finds to be highly beneficial. Originality/Value: Both relevant and practical aspects for future financing in the form of green financing have been recognized within a broader context to create an appeal and awareness on an academic platform. Paper Type: Research paper

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