Purpose This paper aims to explore the prospects and the challenges of Islamic fintech in Indonesia. This study also proposes a comprehensive legal framework to encourage and accelerate the growth of the Islamic economy. Design/methodology/approach This study is the result of legal research with a statute approach and conceptual approach. The types of data used are legal materials consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials is done by using library research techniques. The legal materials were analyzed using the legal norm method. Findings Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. However, the market size of Indonesia’s Islamic fintech is still below Saudi Arabia, Iran, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Malaysia. Saudi Arabia’s Islamic fintech is the biggest market in the world, with $17.9bn worth of transactions in 2020 while Iran is at $9.2bn, UAE $3.7bn, Malaysia $3.0bn and Indonesia $2.9bn. This condition was due to various challenges in the Islamic fintech industry in Indonesia, including inadequate regulations; complicated permit procedures; misuse of fintech for financing terrorism; rampant occurrence of illegal fintech businesses; and consumer disputes in the fintech sector. These challenges require the construction of a comprehensive legal framework through the formation of an Act on Fintech. Research limitations/implications The focus of this research was limited to the problems occurring in the Islamic fintech sector in Indonesia as a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. Practical implications The results of this research can be used as recommendations for the formulation of comprehensive policies for the growth and development of Islamic fintech. Social implications Islamic fintech requires a comprehensive legal framework that functions to encourage the development of the Islamic fintech industry, digital economy growth and legal mitigation of various legal risks and misuse of fintech for financial crime and financing terrorism. Originality/value This paper proposes an original idea of creating a legal framework in a form of the Islamic Fintech Act. The Act should cover such legal substances as follows: Islamic compliance; an integrated one-stop permit procedure; division of authority, coordination and synergy among authorities; prevention and resolution of digital financial system crisis; criminal sanctions; and consumer dispute resolution mechanisms and alternative institution for fintech consumer dispute resolution.
<p>Abstract<br />This article described and studied the following problems: firstly what is the Judge of Pacitan Religion Court’s rationale in granting or refusing the application for marriage dispensation?. Secondly, what is the legal consequence of the grant or the refusal of the application for marriage dispensation?. This study was an empirical or sociological research that was descriptive in nature. The types of data used were primary and secondary ones including primary, secondary and tertiary law materials. Techniques of collecting data used were field study and library study; and the technique of analyzing data used was the qualitative one with interactive model of analysis. The result of research showed that the Pacitan Religion Court’s rationale in granting or refusing an application for marriage dispensation was based on the evidences filed by the applicant. When the evidence filed was adequate and completed according to the Court and there was no kinship or sibling relationship and no prohibition to conduct marriage, the Chamber of Judge would have no reason to refuse the application. However, when the application was filed by non-authorized one, the evidence was inadequate, and there was a prohibition to conduct marriage, the application would be refused by the Chamber of Judge in Pacitan Religion Court. When the application for marriagedispensation was granted, the Pacitan Religion Court would release a stipulation mentioning that the marriage could be held. And then the applicant would bring the stipulation to the local <br />Religion Affairs Office (KUA). Based on such the stipulation, KUA could hold the marriage of applicants. Meanwhile, when the application for marriage dispensation was refused, there would be no reason to get married until the marriage age was fulfilled by the applicants.</p><p>Keywords: Marriage dispensation, Pacitan Religion Court, Marriage Law, Stipulation of the Judge</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini mendiskripsikan dan mengkaji permasalahan, pertama bagaimana pertimbangan Hakim Pengadilan Agama Pacitan dalam mengabulkan atau menolak permohonan dispensasi perkawinan. Kedua, apa akibat hukum yang timbul atas dikabulkan atau ditolaknya permohonan dispensasi perkawinan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris atau sosiologis bersifat deskriptif. Jenis data primer dan sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi lapangan dan studi kepustakaan, selanjutnya teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pertimbangan Hakim Pengadilan Agama Pacitan dalam mengabulkan atau menolak suatu permohonan dispensasi perkawinan didasarkan pada bukti-bukti yang diajukan oleh pemohon. Apabila bukti yang diajukan sudah cukup dan lengkap menurut Pengadilan, serta tidak ada hubungan kekeluargaan maupun sesusuan, serta tidak ada larangan untuk melangsungkan perkawinan, maka Majelis Hakim tidak ada alasan untuk menolak permohonan. Akan tetapi, ketika permohonan diajukan bukan oleh orang yang berwenang, tidak terdapat bukti yang cukup, serta adanya larangan untuk melangsungkan perkawinan, maka permohonan akan ditolak oleh Majelis Hakim Pengadilan Agama Pacitan. Apabila permohonan dispensasi perkawinan dikabulkan, maka Pengadilan Agama Pacitan akan mengeluarkan sebuah penetapan yang berisi bahwa perkawinan dapat dilaksanakan. Kemudian Penetapan tersebut dibawa oleh pemohon ke Kantor Urusan Agama setempat. Berdasarkan penetapan tersebut, KUA dapat melaksanakan perkawinan pemohon. Sedangkan apabila permohonan dispensasi perkawinan ditolak maka tidak ada alas hak untuk menikah, hingga usia perkawinan terpenuhi oleh pemohon.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Dispensasi Perkawinan, Pengadilan Agama Pacitan, Hukum Perkawinan, Penetapan Hakim</p>
The high number of divorce in every year creates concern toward the children '
<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this study is to explain the legal efforts that can be done if the parents do not implement the obligation of alimentation in the perspective of child protection. The method used is the method of legal research normatif (legal research), with the approach of the law (statute approach) and conceptual approach (conseptual approach). The legal substances used in this study include primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study explain the parental remedies that do not carry out alimentation obligations in theoretical studies can be done by litigation or court and non-litigation or out of court. However, for non-litigation settlement in Indonesia is not yet available for family problems. Legal efforts through litigation may include the filing of livelihood rights and the execution of a permanent judge’s decision regarding the right of alimentation (cost of living).</p><p>Keywords: Legal effort;alimentation obligation; child; and child protection.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk menjelaskan upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan apabila orangtua tidak melaksanakan kewajiban alimentasi dalam perspektif perlindungan anak.Metode yang digunakan ialah metode penelitian hukum normatif (legal research), dengan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach).Bahan hukum yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder.Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan mengenai upaya hukum orangtua yang tidak melaksanakan kewajiban alimentasi secara kajian teoritis dapat dilakukan dengan litigasi atau pengadilan dan non-litigasi atau di luar pengadilan.Namun, untuk penyelesaian melalui nonlitigasi di Indonesia belum difasilitasi Negara Mengenai masalah keluarga. Upaya hukum melalui Litigasi dapat berupa pengajuan hak nafkah dan eksekusi putusan hakim yang berkekuatan tetap mengenai hak alimentasi (biaya nafkah).</p><p>Kata Kunci: Upaya hukum; kewajiban alimentasi;anak;dan perlindungan anak.</p>
Abstract<br />The writing of this article aims to synchronize The Judgment Of Mahkamah Konstitusi he knows no. 46/<br />PUU-VIII/2010 with law number 1 Year 1974 about marriage. This type of research using normative legal <br />research is descriptive and the approach used approach to legislation. Legal research materials used are <br />primary and secondary legal materials, the techniques used in the collection of the material law in this <br />research is the study of librarianship or study document. This research uses the legal materials analysis <br />techniques with methods that use syllogisms deductive thinking patterns. There are several provisions in <br />The Judgment Of Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 that are not in sync with the law number <br />1 Year 1974 about marriage as arrangement about children, relation of children outside marriage, <br />responsibility from parent and authentication children in understanding The Judgment Of Mahkamah <br />Konstitusi not synchron with the notion of legitimate son in law Marriage, but there is also a provision <br />that such provision of synchronous’s authentication that protection about children outside marriage . After <br />there is proof about the relationship of blood must remain an endorsement done his father against son <br />beyond mating to be legitimate children.<br />Keywords: Synchronization; Children Outside Of Marriage; The Judgment Of Mahkamah Konstitusi<br />Abstrak<br />Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sinkronisasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor <br />46/PUU-VIII/2010 dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Jenis penelitian <br />menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan perundang-<br />undangan. Bahan penelitian hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, teknik <br />yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan bahan hukum adalah studi kepustakaan atau studi dokumen. Teknik <br />analisis memakai bahan hukum dengan metode silogisme yang menggunakan pola berpikir deduktif. <br />Terdapat beberapa ketentuan dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 yang tidak <br />sinkron dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan seperti hubungan anak luar <br />kawin, pembuktian anak dan tanggung jawab orangtua, namun terdapat juga ketentuan yang sinkron <br />seperti ketentuan tentang pengaturan yang memberi perlindungan terhadap anak luar kawin. Setelah <br />ada pembuktian tentang hubungan darah harus tetap ada pengesahan yang dilakukan ayahnya terhadap <br />anak luar kawin agar menjadi anak sah.<br />Kata kunci: Sinkronisasi; Anak Luar Kawin; Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi.
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