Tea (Camellia sinensis, Family: Theaceae) is one of the extremely consumed beverages around the world, behind to water. The brew tea is the merely food product contains abundant quantity of the catechins. Green tea is the least processed and thus contains rich antioxidant, polyphenols, especially catechin called epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is whispered to be responsible for a wide range of the health benefits. The key to the amazing health benefits that are derived from green tea is that the leaves are steamed which preserves the EGCG compound from being oxidized. However, the other varieties of teas are under go fermentation process, which breaks down the potential EGCG and destroy from its healing properties. In reality, green tea has very extensive history dating back thousands and thousands of years ago. However, the pharmacological efficacy and stability of green tea catchiness are primarily depended on the formulation and way to drink to alleviate the deadly diseases with scientific evidence. Nanotechnology is a vibrantly emerging field especially in the pharmaceutical industry to explore a lot of application. The promising nano-delivery system used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy with a minimal dose, minimize the dose-related toxicity, target delivery, site-specific delivery, and controlled/sustain the delivery application. In recent decades, the application of nanotechnology has been utilized for phytopharmaceutical industry including green tea catechins to maximize the health benefits. In this review, we tried our level best retrieve the value of information on nanodelivery application of green tea catchiness for various devastating diseases.
Several approaches have been developed to prolong the residence time of the dosage forms at the absorption site and one of them is the development of controlled release mucoadhesive system. Mucoadhesive polymers have recently gained interest among pharmaceutical scientists as a means of improving drug delivery. Microspheres are small in size and due to this small size they have efficient carrier capacity. They generally have the potential to be used for targeting and controlled release of the drug. The binding of mucoadhesive properties to the microspheres has additional benefits such as much more intimate contact with the mucus layer, effective absorption and increased bioavailability of the drugs due to a large ratio of surface area to volume. This review gives an overview about the potential uses of mucoadhesive microspheres as a novel carriers for improving drug delivery through various modes of administration such as oral, nasal, ocular, topical, vaginal and rectal administration or for systemic effects and also focuses on the types of mucoadhesive polymers, method of preparation of microspheres and their evaluation in vitro and in vivo respectively.
Introduction: Nasal route is an alluring route for direct drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), owing to its avoidance of the hepatic first-pass metabolism and deciphering the blood-brain barrier passage issues. ROP-HCl has a lower experimental BBB permeability therefore ROP-HCl freighted niosomes were fabricated by ethanol injection method and served two purposes one being a novel Niosomal formulation impacting the permeability and other obtaining a sustained release property which likely would lead to an improved bioavailability of ROP-HCl. Objectives: The present study is aimed to develop a stable non-ionic surfactant vesicle; Niosomes embodying Ropinarole Hydrochloride (ROP-HCl) for ameliorated treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by statistical optimization employing a 3-level factorial design using Design Expert® software. Materials and Methods: All the formulations were characterized physiochemically and morphologically. Additionally, the drug and excipients interaction studies were evaluated using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further, in vitro release kinetics using DD solver excel add-in and mechanism was studied for developed Niosomal formulation. Cytotoxicity study was studied in Raw 264.7 cells. in a concentration dependent manner and ex vivo, permeability was done using sheep mucosa. Toxicity was studied by histological examination. Results: The IC 50 value of developed Niosomes was lower than drug itself and further the permeability of developed Niosomes was considerably enhanced compared to ROP-HCl alone. Histological examination revealed safe nature of developed formulation. Conclusion: These results conveyed that, Niosomes can be a valuable carrier for the nasal delivery of ROP-HCl to CNS.
Clitoria ternatea, Cucurbita maxima, Artemisia vulgaris were the Indian native plants used in the treatment of different diseases. The methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea, petroleum ether extract of Cucurbita maxima and methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris were investigated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. These extracts were assessed using N2a cell line (Neuroblastoma). Cisplatin was used as a positive control based on IC50 values. Artemisia vulgaris methanol extract have highest cytotoxicity (80.81ug/mL) and Cucurbita maxima seed extract have lowest cytotoxicity (57.655ug/mL). The comparison of IC50 of the extracts had shown the following toxicity: Cucurbita maxima petroleum ether extract <Clitoria ternatea methanolic extract <Artemisia vulgaris methanolic extract. The Cucurbita maxima showed least cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines. The results indicate that Cucurbita maxima seed extract have significant potential to be used as a natural anticancer agent in cultured N2a cell lines.
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