In this communication we report on the optical property of CuO nanoparticles prepared by cost effective, simplistic and environment-friendly sol-gel technique on borosilicate glass by dip coating. The particle size was analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) which depicted particle size of CuO ~ 5 nm. To understand the optical behavior of nanosized CuO particles on borosilicate glass tube UV-visible spectrum has been taken. Effective mass model calculations determined the size of particles as 2.26 nm, which supports the TEM analysis. Samples were also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) to understand the chemical bond in detail.
Purpose
In the twenty-first century, the use of fossil fuels has increased drastically because the necessity of energy is increasing day by day which affects the world’s economy. The solar energy (photo-thermal energy conversion) system is the most economical and eco-friendly alternative source. To increase the use of domestic as well as commercialization purpose, the authors have reviewed this paper on the solar water heater along with its structural mechanism for energy enhancement and to create easier stair steps for climbing on the green world dream.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, nanotechnology has remarkably built its own use for extending thermal efficiency by using some gradual experiments. It is a phenomenon, like nanofluid (as a working fluid for a direct solar collector), nanocoating (on the surface of a solar-evacuated tube by using the chemical vapor deposition/physical vacuum deposition/sol–gel technique) and nanorod-based solar collector tube.
Findings
This invention gives greater efficiency rather than the conventional systems, but also this advancement is not too much supported in a low- temperature environment also, we can consider the poor light absorption characteristics of the pure water (Bencic, et al., 2000).
Originality/value
The basic idea and understanding of this phenomenon to improve solar collecting performance for obtaining a high working-fluid temperature are discussed in this paper.
This study investigates the thermal performance of a solar evacuated tube collector (SETC) using nanoparticles suspended liquid (NSL) as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The NSL is composed of water with different concentration of TiO2, CuO, Cr2O3, TiO2+CuO+ Cr2O3NSL withaverage size of ~25 nm. The experimental results show that the use of NSL increase the thermal performance of the SETC to be about 2% higher than that of the SETC without NSL. The enhancement in the thermal performance is mainly attributed to the higher thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the NSL. In addition, the effects of NSL concentration, flow rate and temperature on the thermal performance of the SETC with NSL were also studied. It was observed that the thermal performance of the SETC with NSL increases with increasing NSL concentration and flow rate but decreases with rise in the temperature. The results of this study can be used to optimize the design of solar evacuated tube collectors using NSL as the HTF for better thermal performance.
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