Background: The present study was conducted in the clinical lab of Microbiology department, College of Medical Sciences. The samples that were sent for culture and sensitivity from patients developing signs and symptoms collected from patients developing symptoms of SSIs in different wards as well as ICUs of this hospital were included in this study. A total of 206 pus samples were processed and result was interpreted on the basis of different tests. Isolation and identification of the organism was done by gram stains and culture growth. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and result was interpreted as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Thus, the results of ex vivo permeation, pharmacokinetic study and pharmacodynamics study suggest the potential of CC-NLCs for improved oral delivery.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial etiology of diarrhoeal disease in children and the antibiogram of the isolates. Methods:The study was carried out in Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal form May 2014 to Oct 2014. Stool specimens were collected from children at paedriatic ward aseptically and were processed in the Microbiology laboratory. Each sample was processed macroscopically and microbiologically. The culture of the specimen and identification of the isolates were done as per the standard guidelines and results were interpreted on the basis of different tests. Results:Out of 202 specimens, 84 (42%) samples showed growth and 118 (58%) samples presented no any growth. Highest number of growth was observed in samples from male patients than from female patients. The predominant pathogen was Aeromonas species 33 (12%), followed by NLF E. coli 19 (6.9%), Proteus mirabilis 14 (5.1%). Amikacin (94%) was the most effective antibiotic and the least effective antibiotic was Amoxy-clavulanic acid (6%). In this research, the highest multidrug resistant organism was Aeromonas species. There was significant association between diarrhoea and treatment of water (p<0.05). Conclusion:Thus, bacterial etiology of diarrhoeal disease in children and antibiogram of the isolates were determined, which was found to be an important diagnostic test for the diarroheal patient. From this study, research investigation were shown significant association between diarrhea and treatment of water, hand washing, signs and symptoms like fever, loss of appetite, abdominal cramps. Thus the study might help in the assessment of the current anti-microbial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in diarrheal infection and helps in the formulation of the strategies to reduce the infection rate in Bharatpur Hospital.