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Acute viral hepatitis(AVH) is caused by Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E(HEV). It is major health burden in India. Both the viruses HAV and HEV are primarily transmitted via the faeco-oral course. Study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HAV, HEV and rate of co-infection in AVH patients attending rural tertiary care centre. A retrospective laboratory record based study was carried out in rural tertiary health care center located in Western Maharashtra. Laboratory and Medical records of suspected acute viral infection patients were analyzed during study. Study period was June 2014 to July 2018. Commercially available ELISA kits of IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HEV were used to analyze serum samples of suspected study participants. Tests were carried out as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 778 acute viral hepatitis cases were included in the study from July 2014 to July 2018 among which 85/778 (10.9 %) detected positive for HAV and 121/778 (15.6%) detected positive for HEV. Co-infection was identified in 6/778(0.8 %). Jaundice, fever fatigue and hepatomegaly were common clinical presentation in HAV, HEV and confection with both viruses in acute viral hepatitis patients. Study indicated low exposure to HAV in childhood bellow 16 years. Co-infection rate was detected high in 16-25 years age group. Vaccination policy against HAV in adolescent age group needed as there is change epidemiological shift of HAV which has been observed in the current study. These data will helps for planning future vaccination strategies, better implementation sanitation program, and safe water supply in this geographic area.

Objective: To determine whether fluoxetine (FLU) induces penile erection (PE) in rats either indirectly via its 5-HT neuronal reuptake inhibiting activity or directly by stimulating the 5-HT 2c receptors in the brain. Method: The effect of pre-treatment with para-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) on fluoxetine and d-fenfluramine (d-FEN) induced PEs (Penile erections) was studied in albino rats. Results: FLU (10mg/kg) and d-FEN (2.5mg/kg) treated groups exhibited a significant increase in number of PEs as compared to their respective control (DW treated) groups. Pre-treatment with PCPA (100mg/kg/day) had no significant effect on the PEs induced by FLU (10mg/kg) but did significantly decrease the PEs induced by d-FEN (2.5 mg/kg). Conclusion: Our results indicate that pre-treatment with selective 5-HT depleter PCPA (100mg/kg/day) significantly decreased PEs induced by d-FEN (2.5mg/kg) but had no significant effect on the number of PEs induced by FLU (10 mg/kg). This indicates that the PE inducing effect of FLU is probably due to the stimulation of 5HT 2C receptors.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, resulting from environmental and genetic causes. Aim - To study the cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus attending urban health training centre of community medicine department of tertiary care hospital, Maharashtra. Method: It was a hospital based observational descriptive study done in urban health training centre from January to December 2016 including all known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus which was around 700. Result: Maximum cases were from age group 40-49 years (38.16 %) and 48% were males and 52 % were females. Maximum cases were Hindu 43% having unskilled occupation 19% and nuclear family 46%. Whereas 37% and 18 % study subjects were having BMI of 25- 29.9 and and ≥ 30 respectively, 28 % were having family history of diabetes mellitus, 37% were having Hypertension, 55 % men and 57% women were having abnormal waist-hip ratio, 29 % men and 09 % women were having habit of alcohol intake. Whereas 37% men and 25% women were having habit of tobacco intake. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for the causation of the disease.

Objective: To assess the quantification of use of antibiotics and to find out empiric antibiotic regimen practiced for neonatal sepsis in rural tertiary health care centre.Methods: A hospital, record based cross-sectional study was conducted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) at tertiary care hospital located in western Maharashtra, India. The study was planned during the year 2011-12 among 84 neonates with sepsis. Data were collected by using proforma includes demographic details, antibiotic prescriptions and relevant information.Results: Among the total 84 neonates, max, 60.71% had a history of term delivery. The proportion of early and late onset of sepsis was 47.61% and 52.38% for which total 18 antibiotics were used of which max, 88.88% were injectables. Amikacin was used in max, 78.57% neonates followed by cefotaxime, 45.23% and ampicillin, 35.71% in single or combination form respectively. Amikacin was used for max; 929 d followed by cefotaxime, 523 d and ampicillin 331 d respectively. Antibiotics used in single, double and multiple regimens were 19.04%, 46.42% and 34.52% respectively. Empiric antibiotic regimens practiced were cefotaxim+amikacin and cefotaxim+ampicillin, of which max, 80% patients were treated with the cefotaxim+amikacin antibiotic regimen. Out of 84 neonates max, 70% were improved at the time of discharge. Conclusion:Neonatal sepsis was well treated by cefotaxim+amikacin empirical injectable regimen with maximum survival.