Introduction: Copper nanoparticles are of great interest and have applications in various fields due to their antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and anticancer properties. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is currently a new approach which is a non toxic,economical,eco friendly approach. Our study aim was to assess the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of green synthesized copper nanoparticles from green tea and neem formulation. Materials and methodology:20mM of copper sulphate solution is mixed with 40mL of plant extract and 60 mL of distilled water was added and made it into 100 ml solution.The copper nanoparticles derived using green synthesis was assessed for antibiotic activity by free radical scavenging assay using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH). Cytotoxicity of copper nanoparticles was evaluated using Brine shrimp assay at 5,10,20,40 and 80µL concentrations. Results: The change of colour from green to brown and the peak observed in UV-vis- spectrophotometer indicated the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. The antioxidant property was visually observed  by the colour change from green to brown indicating that DPPH has undergone a reduction reaction exhibiting scavenging activity. The cytotoxic effects of green synthesised copper nanoparticles from green tea and neem extract showed that there is a concentration dependent increase in the cytotoxic property of copper nanoparticles.

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Nanotechnology is the science which is about manipulating matter, atom by atom and is associated with particles smaller than 100 nm in size. Copper nanoparticles are used mainly due to its surplus amount, low cost, easy availability and biocompatible property. Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles is very simple, economical and eco-friendly method that does not involve any toxic chemicals. The aim of our study is green synthesis of copper nanoparticles using green tea and neem formulation and assessment of its antimicrobial effects.20mM of copper sulphate solution is mixed with 40mL of plant extract and 60 mL of distilled water was added and made it into 100 ml solution. Once the copper nanoparticles are synthesized the solution is characterized using UV- vis-spectroscopy and was scanned in double beam UV-vis- spectrophotometer from 300 nm to 700nm wavelength. The antimicrobial property of copper nanoparticle is evaluated by agar well diffusion method. The colour change from green to brown and peak observed in UV-vis- spectrophotometer was associated with the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticle from green tea and tea extract has good antimicrobial activity against S.mutans, C.albicans, E.faecalis, & S.aureus. Copper nanoparticles can be efficiently synthesised from green and neem formulation. These copper nanoparticles showed good antibacterial properties and are effective against oral pathogens.

Mandibular growth pattern (MGP) prediction plays an important role in orthodontic treatment planning. This study sought to assess the mandibular symphyseal width in adolescents with different mandibular growth patterns (MGPs) so as to see whether a correlation exists. This study was conducted on 90 lateral cephalograms of patients aged between 10 and 16 years. The subjects were divided into normo-divergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent subgroups based on the gonial angle. The symphyseal measurement included width or depth of the mandibular symphysis according to Akietal study. He suggested that a mandible with anterior growth direction was associated with a large depth of the symphysis. In contrast, a mandible with a posterior growth direction was associated with a small depth of symphysis. To assess the correlation between mandibular symphyseal width and mandibular growth pattern, Pearson’s correlation test was done. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2 tailed). A P-value which is less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mandibular symphyseal width was found to be strongly associated with the MGP. It can be inferred from the results that in vertical growth pattern, as the gonial angle increases, symphyseal width decreases and in horizontal growth pattern, as the gonial angle decreases, symphyseal width increases. Also, in vertical growth pattern subjects, the mandibular symphyseal width is narrower. In contrast, in horizontal growth pattern subjects, the mandibular symphyseal width is wider.

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Introduction: Orthodontists have been quite concerned about how orthodontic therapy, whether it involves tooth extraction or not, may affect the facial profile. The aim of the study was to compare the soft tissue profile alterations in patients with Class I malocclusions who underwent non extraction treatment protocol with AO and Damon passive self ligating bracket systems. Materials and methodology: Patients treated with passive self ligating brackets either Damon Q or AO were included in the study. This in vivo study consisted of 2 groups; each group had 10 subjects. Group 1: Damon passive self-ligating bracket, Group 2: AO passive self-ligating bracket. Data was compiled from lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before and after orthodontic treatment. Five linear and five angular soft tissue parameters were used in the study. An independent t test was performed to determine the mean difference between linear and angular soft tissue parameters in the AO and Damon passive self ligating groups. Results: The results of the independent t test showed that there was no statistical significant difference in any of the linear or angular parameters between the two groups(p<0.05).

Aim: The aim of this study was to do a 3-dimensional analysis of the upper and lower dental arch forms and compare the same between male and female South Indian subjects who were not previously treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 3D scans of dental casts from 50 untreated patients(25 males and 25 females) in permanent dentition. An assessment of the arch form was performed using angular and linear values on scans using a software(MEDIT).The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software and Student’s t test(2- tailed) was used to determine statistical significance of differences in measurements between the two groups.Results: In male subjects the intercanine, intermolar, interpremolar diameters and arch depth were significantly greater than females and there was a statistically significant difference (p value=<0.05).Conclusion: Ovoid arch form is commonly seen in both South Indian males and females followed by broader arch forms in males and tapered arch forms in females. South Indian males have wider arches when compared to females.