In the open-access power market environment, the continuously varying loading and accommodation of various bilateral and multilateral transactions, sometimes leads to congestion, which is not desirable. In a day ahead or spot power market, generation rescheduling (GR) is one of the most prominent techniques to be adopted by the system operator (SO) to release congestion. In this paper, a novel hybrid Deep Neural Network (NN) is developed for projecting rescheduled generation dispatches at all the generators. The proposed hybrid Deep Neural Network is a cascaded combination of modified backpropagation (BP) algorithm based ANN as screening module and Deep NN as GR module. The screening module segregates the congested and non-congested loading scenarios resulting due to bilateral/multilateral transactions, efficiently and accurately. However, the GR module projects the re-scheduled active power dispatches at all the generating units at minimum congestion cost for all unseen congested loading scenarios instantly. The present approach provides a ready/instantaneous solution to manage congestion in a spot power market. During the training, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is evaluated and minimized. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated on the IEEE 30-bus system. The maximum error incurred during the testing phase is found 1.191% which is within the acceptable accuracy limits.INDEX TERMS Bilateral/multilateral transactions, congestion management, deep neural network, generation rescheduling, modified back propagation algorithm-based ANN.
In the newly emerged electric supply industry, the profit maximizing tendency of market participants has developed the problem of transmission congestion as the most crucial issue. This paper proposes a multiobjective salp swarm algorithm (MOSSA) approach for transmission congestion management (CM), implementing demand side management activities. For this, demand response (DR) and distributed generation (DG) have been employed. For willingly reducing the demand, demand response has been called by providing appropriate financial incentives that supports in releasing the congestion over critical lines. Distributed generation implementing wind plant as renewable independent power producer (RIPP) has also been included in order to reduce the load curtailment of responsive customers to manage transmission congestion. The proposed incentive-based demand response and distributed generation approach of CM, has been framed with various strategies employing different thermal limits over transmission lines and has resulted into significant reduction in congestion and in-turn improvement of transmission reliability margin. Diversity has been obtained in multiobjective optimization by taking two and three objective functions, respectively (minimization of overall operational cost, CO2 emission, and line loading). The by-products of the proposed algorithm for multiobjective optimization are minimized demand reduction, optimum size, and location of DG. To examine the proposed approach, it has been implemented on IEEE 30-bus system and a bigger power system IEEE 118-bus system; as well as the proposed technique of MOSSA has been compared and found better than reported methods and two other meta heuristic algorithms (multiobjective modified sperm swarm optimization and multiobjective adoptive rat swarm optimization).
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