Background-Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to measure T2* changes in skeletal muscle tissue of healthy volunteers. The BOLD effect is assumed to primarily reflect changes in blood oxygenation at the tissue level. We compared the calf muscle BOLD response of patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) to that of an age-matched non-PAOD group during postischemic reactive hyperemia. Methods and Results-PAOD patients (nϭ17) with symptoms of intermittent calf claudication and an age-matched non-PAOD group (nϭ11) underwent T2*-weighted single-shot multiecho planar imaging on a whole-body magnetic resonance scanner at 1.5 T. Muscle BOLD MRI of the calf was performed during reactive hyperemia provoked by a cuff-compression paradigm. T2* maps were generated with an automated fitting procedure. Maximal T2* change (⌬T2* max ) and time to peak to reach ⌬T2* max for gastrocnemius, soleus, tibial anterior, and peroneal muscle were evaluated. Compared with the non-PAOD group, patients revealed significantly lower ⌬T2* max -values, with a mean of 7.3Ϯ5.3% versus 13.1Ϯ5.6% (PϽ0.001), and significantly delayed time-to-peak values, with a mean of 109.3Ϯ79.3 versus 32.2Ϯ13.3 seconds (PϽ0.001). Conclusions-T2* time courses of the muscle BOLD MRI signal during postocclusive reactive hyperemia revealed statistically significant differences in the key parameters (⌬T2* max ; time to peak) in PAOD patients compared with age-matched non-PAOD controls.
BOLD MR imaging of calf muscles-depending on underlying key parameters-has moderate to good correlation with LDF and TcPo2 measurements during ischemia and reactive hyperemia.
BOLD MR imaging results of the calf demonstrated statistically significant age-dependent differences in the rate, intensity, and recovery of the postocclusive muscle BOLD signal.
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