An increase in dentin roughness, associated with surface composition, contributes to bacterial adherence in recontaminations. Surface roughness is also important for micromechanical interlocking of dental materials to dentin, and understanding the characteristics of the surface is essential to obtain the adhesion of root canal sealers that have different physico-chemical characteristics.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA), etidronic (HEBP), and citric acid (CA) associated with different irrigation regimens on root dentin roughness.Material and MethodsForty-five root halves of anterior teeth were used. The root parts were sectioned in thirds, embedded in acrylic resin and polished to a standard surface roughness. Initially, the samples of each third were randomly assigned into 3 groups and treated as follows: G1 - saline solution (control); G2 - 5% NaOCl+18% HEBP mixed in equal parts; and G3 - 2.5% NaOCl. After initial measuments, the G3 samples were distributed into subgroups G4, G5 and G6, which were subjected to 17% EDTA, 10% CA and 9% HEBP, respectively. Following the new measuments, these groups received a final flush with 2.5% NaOCl, producing G7, G8 and G9. The dentin surface roughness (Ra) was determined before and after treatments using a profilometer. The Wilcoxon test (α<0.05) was used to compare the values before and after treatments, and the Friedman test (α<0.05) to detect any differences among root thirds. Results(i) NaOCl did not affect the surface roughness; (ii) there was a significant increase in roughness after the use of chelating agents (P<0.01); and (iii) only the G3 group showed a difference in surface roughness between apical third and other thirds of the teeth (P<0.0043).ConclusionOnly the irrigation regimens that used chelating agents altered the roughness of root dentin.

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This study evaluated a modified nanostructured release system employing diclofenac as a drug model. Biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles were prepared with chitosan concentrations between 0.5 and 0.8% (w/v) by template polymerization method using methacrylic acid in aqueous solution. Chitosanpoly(methacrylic acid) (CS-PMAA) nanoparticles showed uniform size around 50-100 nm, homogeneous morphology, and spherical shape. Raw material and chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming the interaction between chitosan and methacrylic acid during nanoparticles preparation. Diclofenac sorption on the chitosan nanoparticles surface was achieved by incubation in water/ethanol (1:1) drug solution in concentrations of 0.5 and 0.8 mg/mL. The diclofenac amount sorbed per gram of CS-PMAA nanoparticles, when in a 0.5 mg/mL sodium diclofenac solution, was as follows: 12.93, 15, 20.87, and 29.63 mg/g for CS-PMAA nanoparticles 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8% (w/v), respectively. When a 0.8 mg/mL sodium diclofenac solution was used, higher sorption efficiencies were obtained: For CS-PMAA nanoparticles with chitosan concentrations of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8% (w/v), the sorption efficiencies were 33.39, 49.58, 55.23, and 67.2 mg/g, respectively. Diclofenac sorption kinetics followed a second-order kinetics. Drug release from nanoparticles occurred in a period of up to 48 h and obeyed Korsmeyer-Peppas model, which was characterized mainly by Fickian diffusion transport.

As doenças crônicas (DC) compõem um grupo de condições crônicas que em geral são associadas a múltiplas causas, tem seu início gradual e o prognóstico usualmente incerto com longa ou indefinida duração, o que leva o paciente a fazer o uso crônico e muitas vezes irregular da medicação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o perfil farmacoterapêutico dos pacientes com DC e os principais fatores que influenciam na má adesão ao tratamento farmacológico. A coleta de dados foi feita a partir de estudos publicados nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Pubmed e Google Acadêmico utilizando descritores que mais se assemelhavam aos nossos objetivos. As principais medicações utilizadas no sistema cardiovascular foram as Inibidoras da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA), bloqueadores do receptor da angiotensina I (BRA), diuréticos tiazídicos e bloqueadores do canal de cálcio (BCC). Das medicações utilizadas no controle glicêmico, as mais utilizadas foram as biguanidas seguidas das sulfoniureias, as prescrições seguiram as principais orientações da Sociedade brasileira de cardiologia (SBC) e Sociedade brasileira de endocrinologia e metabologia (SBEM), entretanto, o uso de medicações sem prescrição medica ainda é uma realidade que contribui para o aparecimento de complicações e efeitos indesejados das medicações. Por fim evidenciou-se que o entendimento do perfil farmacoterapêutico bem como os fatores que influenciam a adesão precisam ser destacados e trabalhados da melhor forma a fim de contribuir para o sucesso terapêutico e minimizar as potenciais complicações de condições crônicas mal controladas.