The literature indicates that journalists, who have been exposed to traumatic situations, risk developing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Certain temperament traits, such as neuroticism and compulsiveness, have been found to increase vulnerability to the development of PTSD amongst police officers. Few research studies have investigated temperament and a sense of coherence as factors mediating occupational stress in journalists exposed to trauma. The aim of this study was to address this dearth by investigating whether differences in the experience of trauma, temperament traits and a sense of coherence amongst journalists will influence the degree of PTSD experienced. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised was used to divide journalists into three groups, namely, those with minor reactions ( n=10), moderate reactions ( n=24) and severe reactions of clinical importance ( n=16). Analyses of variance followed by Scheffé post hoc multiple comparisons technique indicated statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding experience of trauma as measured by the Trauma Questionnaire, temperament traits as measured by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire and sense of coherence as measured by the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire. The results show that various factors could have an impact on how journalists deal with the traumatic stories they cover, as well as their personal outcomes after covering these stories. Journalists who develop severe PTSD differ in terms of their perceptions of the trauma, temperament profiles and sense of coherence, which impacts on their way of coping with the traumatic situations they face daily.
<strong>Orientation:</strong> Positive psychology emphasises the nurturing of personal strengths, yet little research to date has investigated the role of nature in psychological wellness.<p><strong>Research purpose:</strong> The study aimed to address this dearth by investigating the relationship between temperament, with its biological roots, and psychological well-being and also to ascertain whether character strengths and resilience can be predicted by certain temperament traits.</p><p><strong>Motivation for the study:</strong> Although the biological bases of mental illness have been researched extensively in past studies, there is very little research regarding the biological bases of psychological wellness.</p><p><strong>Research design, approach and method:</strong> This quantitative study selected a sample of 620 participants and applied four measuring instruments, namely the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, the Values in Action – Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) , the Sense of Coherence scale and the Resilience scale to measure temperament and well-being. Correlations and logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Main findings:</strong> There are relationships between certain biologically based temperament traits and the psychological constructs of character strengths and resilience. Logistic regression models, using temperament as the independent variable, correctly predicted high and low scores on the Sense of Coherence scale, the Resilience scale and the (VIA-IS) with 64% – 76.1% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Pratical/managerial implications:</strong> Understanding the physiological substrates of flourishing and being able to predict strengths based on temperament promise advances in applying positive psychology concepts.</p><p><strong>Contribution/value-add:</strong> Values, ethics, character strengths, virtues and resilience are universal and may be entrenched in biology, according to some theorists. This has not been researched much, however. The current study addressed this dearth.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article:</strong><br /> Hutchinson, A.K., Stuart, A.D., & Pretorius, H.G. (2010). Biological contributions to well-being: The relationships amongst temperament, character strengths and resilience. <em>SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 36</em>(2), Art. #844, 10 pages, DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v36i2.844</p>
On reviewing the literature on spinal cord injury (SCI) and sexuality in males, there was found to be a plethora of research in physical domains. <b>Opsomming</b> Die studie van literatuur oor rugmurgbesering (RMB) en seksualiteit by mans, het ‘n magdom navorsing oor die fisieke aspekte opgelewer. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text
Emotional intelligence scores of employees of a financial institution who displayed leadership potential (n = 31) were compared with scores of a groupwho displayed little leadership potential. Leadershipwas rated by ascertaining the presence of transformational behaviour. All rated employees completed an emotional intelligence scale. Results indicated that the factors of optimism and self-actualisationwere significantly higher for the leader group. The non-leader group indicated higher scores on the positive impression scale, indicating possible positive skewing of results for that group. Generally, the research data indicates a link between the fundamental postulates of transformational leadership theory and emotional intelligence.<p> <strong>Opsomming</strong> <br>Emosionele intelligensie-tellings van’n groep werknemers binne ’n finansiele instelling wie leierskapspotensiaal getoon het (n = 31) is vergelyk met ’n groepwat min leierskapspotensiaal getoon het. Leierskapspotensiaal is bepaal op grond van die teenwoordigheid van transformasionele gedrag. Alle werknemerswat gemeet is het ’n emosionele intelligensieskaal voltooi. Resultate toon dat optimisme en selfaktualisasie beduidend hoer was vir die leiergroep. Die nie-leiergroep het hoer tellings getoon op die positiewe indruk-skaal, wat ’nmoontlike positiewe skeefheid van daardie groep se resultate aandui. Die navorsingsdata toon oor die algemeen’n koppeling tussen die fundamentele beginsels van transformasionele leierskapsteorie en emosionele intelligensie
A fundamental tenet of hermeneutic phenomenology is that people seek to create meaning of their experience from the response sited within human consciousness. The focus of this study is on the world of the lived experience as it is interpreted by participants through memory and language as accessed by interviews in order to produce an understanding of the participants' experience. Three participants were interviewed whose adult children had died as a result of an AIDS-related illness. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and interwoven analyses sought to illustrate the participants' lived experience of the phenomenon. An attempt was made to understand how the various phenomena relating to parental bereavement were reflected by participants in the interviews. Common themes included reactions to the knowledge of the illness, the experience of being with their dying child, coping with the pain of the loss, and spiritual and existential concerns. There are references to how others judge their grieving behaviour. Issues of retribution and punishment are prominent and these appear to place a particular burden of sorrow on the grieving parent. The study provided insight into the lived experience of bereavement and the forging of new meaning structures that can accommodate the loss. Anita Stuart completed her postgraduate studies at the Rand Afrikaans University (RAU), where she gained both her BA Honours and MA (Psychology) cum laude before proceeding to a D.Litt et Phil. A full professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Johannesburg, she has been Departmental Head since 2002 after a number of years as Acting Head and Deputy Head. Her fields of specialization are Neuropsychology and Personality Psychology, in which terrains she has published extensively, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. The results of her research are regularly disseminated at both local and international congresses.
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