Introduction: UTIs are the most common bacterial infection during pregnancy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in women due to short urethra and close proximity of perineum to the anal region. It is more common in elderly patients and in pregnancy due to progestrone effect in addition to different morphological and physiological changes during pregnancy. Detection of ASB in antenatal women is important, as, undetected and evaluated ASB may lead to symptomatic infection during pregnancy, acute pyelonephritis, postpartum UTI, anaemia, preterm labour, LBW, perinatal death of the fetus. Urine culture is the gold standard screening technique for ASB during pregnancy. Aims and Objectives: To find out the prevalence of ASB in pregnant women and to find the pattern of causative organism. Material and Methods: A total of 500 pregnant women aged between 18 to 35 years were studied over a period of 1 and 1/2 years at GMC, Amritsar. Clean midstream urine samples were collected into a sterile container and then subjected to culture method. Results: Out of the 500 pregnant women, 78 (15.6%) had significant bacteriuria. High percentage of ASB was seen in 2 nd trimester (52.56%). (E. coli) (53.8%) was the most common organism followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.9%). Conclusion: ASB is not uncommon in antenatal patients. All pregnant women should be screened by urine culture to detect ASB at their first visit to prevent overt UTI and other complications in both mother and fetus.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine maternal mortality ratio (MMR), maternal near miss incidence ratio (MNM IR), MNM to mortality ratio (MNM: MD), and mortality index (MI) and to know the prevalence, demographic distribution, causes and feto-maternal outcome of maternal near miss and maternal deaths.
Methods: A retrospective review of near miss and maternal mortality over a period of 20 months in a tertiary teaching hospital in Punjab.
Results: MMR was 998 MNM IR was 24.20/1000 live births. Maternal near miss mortality ratio was 2.4:1. MI was 29.21%. The most common cause of maternal mortality was hypertension, which was seen in 14 (53.84%) women. Among near miss cases, the most common complication noted was hemorrhage, seen in 40 (63.49%) cases. Among maternal deaths, 7 (26.92%) women delivered vaginally, 6 (23.07%) women underwent emergency cesarean section. Among near miss cases, 20 (31.74%) women delivered vaginally, 13 (20.63%) women underwent cesarean section while 7 (11.11%) had cesarean hysterectomy. Laparotomy for ruptured ectopic pregnancy was done in 6 (9.52%) women, 7 (11.11%) women had dilatation and evacuation, 3 (4.76%) had exploration of Uterovaginal canal. Preterm birth has seen in 8 (12.69%) in maternal deaths and 23(36.50%) in maternal near miss. Intrauterine fetal demise occurred in 4 (6.34%) in maternal deaths and 2 (4.87%) in near miss.
Conclusion: The review of near miss cases is important to identify response of health care system to medical emergencies and provides opportunities to improve the quality of service.
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