TiO 2 is a semiconductor material that widely applied in various fields due to its superiority both in terms of physical and chemical properties. In this study, the TiO 2 nanoparticles was synthesized using sol-gel method. The synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles was started by reacting TiCl 3 with H 2 O and titrating with ammonium hydroxide and then following by calcination process at 600 0 C for 1.5 hours. The structural characteristic was investigated using XRD. The result shows that the TiO 2 has structure as anatase phase and the crystallite size of is about of 9.8 nm. The functional groups of the TiO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR. The characterization shows that the vibration of the Ti-O bond appeared at peaks of 633 and 732 cm-1 , the vibration of the Ti-O-Ti at 1400 cm-1 , and the absorption of the Ti-O-O bond at 503 cm-1. UV-Vis characterization shows that the TiO 2 has a band gap energy value of 3.33 eV. The morphology of the sample was characterized using SEM. Based on the SEM image, the agglomeration of the sample is formed with the average diameter of particle size of TiO 2 is about 92 nm.
This study investigated the effects of annealing temperature on the structure evolution and antifungal performance of TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites. The TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were fabricated through a combination of sonochemical and coprecipitation routes. The TiO2 structure evolved from an amorphous phase to a crystalline anatase phase starting at an annealing temperature of [Formula: see text]C while Fe3O4 evolved to [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 and [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 starting at an annealing temperature of [Formula: see text]C. The increases in the crystallite sizes and lattice parameters were also identified because of the increase in the annealing temperature. The TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites tended to agglomerate due to van der Waals forces. The molecular structural dynamics of TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were also studied by infrared spectroscopy within the wavenumber range of 400–4000[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. The antifungal activity of TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites was better than those of individual TiO2 and Fe3O4. These results showed that structure evolution plays an essential role in the antifungal performance of TiO2/Fe3O4 nanocomposites.
Influence of coupling and intermodal dispersion coefficient on pulse splitting in double core optical fibre was investigated by using solutions of normalized coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. It was found that if coupling coefficient and intermodal dispersion coefficient was small, and then nonlinearity cannot balance intermodal dispersion effect. Consequently, pulse was distorted. Furthermore, if intermodal dispersion coefficient was large enough, then pulse splitting occurred. Increasing coupling coefficient avoids pulse splitting and the pulse was stable.
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