Background: Obesity is perhaps the most prevalent form of malnutrition. As a chronic disease, prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting both children and adults. In India due urbanization and modernization people are moving into urban centres and along with increasing wealth, concerns about an obesity epidemic in India are growing. The present study was carried out to assess the demographic distribution and prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in an urban slum. Methods: The cross sectional study includes 350 adult populations from the Shivaji Nagar (Govandi) urban slum of the Mumbai city in India and study was carried out over a period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015. Results: Our study showed that most of subjects are in the age group of 38-57. Sex distribution was relatively equal with 44% males and 56% females. Majority of the population were Muslims. Majority of the subjects (50.6%) belong to class III, (26.9%). 32.3% subjects were obese and 8.6% were overweight according to BMI (basal metabolic index) while merely 6.6% were overweight according to WHR (waist to hip ratio). Thus BMI was found to be a better indicator than WHR for measuring obesity. Conclusions: From the present study it was seen that age group of the subjects, socio economic class, and level of education had a significant relationship with BMI, whereas sex of the subjects had non-significant relationship with BMI.
Background: High economic growth in India in the last two decades has unfortunately not been translated into satisfactory progress on reducing hunger and malnutrition. The study aims to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in children from 6 months to five years of age, to find out the socio-demographic, environmental and other factors associated with acute malnutrition and to suggest appropriate recommendations based on observations.Methods: The area selected for the study is the rural field practice area of Topiwala National Medical College. The study population taken for this was children between the ages of 6 months to 5 years. The study was a community based descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study.Results: In the study area, 56.30% children were underweight, 52.96% were stunted and 27.8% were wasted. Majority of the children (96.7%) in this area were Hindu. Majority of the children belong to class IV of socioeconomic class (Modified B.G.Prasad). Maximum children (28.15%) were in the age group of 25 to 36 months. 67.78% children were living in joint families. About 79% mothers were literate at least up to primary education.Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition among all 3 forms i. e underweight, stunting, wasting was slightly more among male children as compared to females, and this can be taken as a positive sign for female child. The literacy rate was quite satisfactory; the diet of children was inadequate for calories and proteins as well as micronutrients.
Background: HBSC seeks to identify and explore the extent of the inequalities related to socioeconomic status (SES), age and gender among the younger age group, and highlight the need for preventive action. Hence, this study was carried out, to find out the social context as a determinant of their health and well-being. The objectives of the study were to study the socio-demographic characteristics of the students; to find the social determinants and its association with their perceived health outcomes.Methods: The study was carried out among 426 Municipal school students in Mumbai. They were enquired about their socio demographic characteristics, their personal habits and behaviour, relationship with their parents, siblings and friends, performance in school, academic pressures, and also about any health related complaints if they had. Results: The study shows less communication of students with their parents, more so with their fathers’. Students were seen to have more friends and would also spend more time with them, especially boys. Academic achievement was better among girls and those from less affluent families and it also showed a dip in the higher age groups. Regular consumption of breakfast, fruits, vegetables was seen less among girls and older students. Boys and those from less affluent families were seen to be more involved in high risk behaviour. Conclusions: All the factors mentioned in the study are shown to have adverse effects on the perceived health outcome of the students. These social factors need to be addressed to improve the health and well-being of the younger generations.
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