Degradation of soil functions in storing and cycling nutrients may be related to topography and land-use change. The research aimed to analyze the impact of land-use changes and slope positions on soil function in nutrient stock within Kalikungkuk micro watershed of East Java, Indonesia. Four different land-uses such as vegetable crops, agroforestry, shrub and forest were selected with three slope positions (e.g. ridge, slope, and valley), and three replications of each. Soil samples were collected at 0-10, 10-30, 30-50, and 50-100 cm depth of soil. Variables measured included soil properties (e.g. bulk density, soil texture, pH, CEC, soil nutrients). Slope positions impact on differences in soil physical (i.e. soil bulk density, soil texture) and chemical (i.e. total N, exchangeable K) properties. In addition, forest conversion to other land-uses (i.e. agroforestry, shrub, vegetable crops) decreased soil nutrient concentration (i.e. total C, total N, Ca, Mg, Na), and consequently resulted in degradation of soil nutrient stocks of especially C and N. The strong positive correlation between soil nutrient stock (e.g. C and N) and vegetation cover such as canopy cover, basal area, and litter (r = 0.63 – 0.78, r table 1% = 0.39) showed the benefit of biodiversity in maintaining soil function on the nutrient stock.
Upper Brantas watershed with volcanic ash soil has potentially high carbon stock. However, land-use intensification in the upstream watershed area is the potential deterioration of soil quality, mainly degradation. The study aimed to assess the effect of land-use intensification in the upper Sumberbrantas watershed on soil carbon stock. The study was conducted in the upper Sumber brantas watershed, particularly in Kali kungkuk micro watershed, Batu City, East Java – Indonesia. Soil samples were taken at 0-30 cm and 30-100 cm on 4 land uses (i.e., forest, agroforestry, cropland, and shrubland) with three replications. The variable measured include basal area, standing litter mass, soil bulk density, and soil organic C. The results showed that land-use intensification strongly impacted soil carbon stock at 0-30 cm and 30-100 cm depth of soil. The soil carbon stock degradation of around 60% to 67% in the intensive cropping systems and in the post-cropping cultivation was covered by a shrub as compared to the forest soil, especially at a depth of 0–30 cm. The correlation value (p<0.05) between the basal area (0.65) and standing litter mass (0.42) on soil carbon stock, especially at a depth of 0-30 cm, indicated that the basal area and standing litter mass increase soil carbon stock. The result was in line with the soil bulk density by ANOVA test at a depth of 0-30 cm and 30-100 cm showing the effect (p<0.05) where intensive land use consisting of treeless (i.e., cropland and shrubland) increases the soil bulk density.
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