Investigations were undertaken to observe the influence of technical grade carbofuran (CF) on the egg maturational processes of catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Fish were exposed to sublethal doses (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L) of CF for 30 days at 25 +/- 1 degrees C. Control fish were maintained in water. The gonado-somatic index (G.S. I. = ovarian weight x 100/body weight) of the fish, treated with 1 or 2 mg/L CF, was decreased significantly compared to that of the controls. The inhibition was almost at the same level in these doses. CF at the dose of 0.5 mg/L was found to be ineffective. From the histomorphological observations of the ovary, it was observed that CF altered both the area and the percentage occurrence of the various types of primary oocytes in the ovary compared to that of the control fish. The stage I primary oocytes were predominantly higher in CF-treated fish than stage II and stage III which was reversed in control animals. The degeneration of follicular walls, connective tissues and vacuolization in the ooplasm of the stage II and III oocytes were observed in CF-treated fish (0.5-2 mg/L). It appears that CF at sublethal concentrations inhibits oocyte maturational processes in catfish.
Water decoction of the leaves of Andrographis paniculata killed in vitro the microfilaria of Dipetalonema reconditum in 40 min. Three subcutaneous injections of the extract into infected dogs at 0·06 ml per kg bodyweight reduced the number of microfilariae in blood by more than 85%. The larvae were not totally eliminated with more infections but the reduced microfilarial level persisted. No toxiceffect of the extract was observed in rabbits. The treated dogs became lethargic initially for a week, probably due to the mass killing of microfilariae.
Investigations were undertaken to study the effect of administering s.c. 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 ng DHT/rat/day to normal adult male rats, for six weeks, on the basal levels of serum gonadotropin and the sensitivity of the pituitary to LHRH. The control group received olive oil. Animals were weighed and bled via cardiac puncture before the beginning of the treatment and weekly thereafter. After the last bleeding rats were injected intracardially 200 ng LHRH/rat and killed 15 min later. Blood, pituitary and testes were collected. Data were analyzed with respect to the control group and with respect to day zero of the treatment. DHT failed to produce a persistent effect on the serum gonadotropin. 10 and 500 ng DHT suppressed FSH levels significantly on days 21 and 7, respectively. 25, 50, 100 and 1000 ng DHT stimulated the release of FSH on day 42. 10 ng DHT reduced the levels of LH on day 14 of the treatment. 10, 25 and 50 ng DHT increased the sensitivity of the pituitary to release more LH in response to LHRH while 100, 500, 1000 ng DHT inhibited LHRH induced release of FSH. DHT at all doses tested failed to affect intrapituitary levels of LH and FSH. 10, 500 and 1000 ng DHT reduced the weights of the pituitaries as compared to the control group. The data demonstrate effects of DHT which are transient on the basal release of gonadotropins but are more persistent and differential on the sensitivity of the pituitary to LHRH.
This case report highlights the issue of a clinical need for screening older women beyond the age of 65 years for HPV screening. In view of the emerging evidence of a second peak of cervical cancer in the older population and the fact that there is a reported increase in the prevalence of HPV in this high-risk group, there is room for a consideration of HPV screening in post menopausal women beyond the age of 65 years.
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