The ending of pregnancy is an issue that keeps attracting great attention even today, at the beginning of the 21st century. Since the 1970s, abortion legislation has moved steadily towards liberalization, especially in developed countries around the world. In Europe, only a few countries still prohibit abortion on request. Yet neither the current legislation nor the relevant case law of supreme and constitutional courts have brought about consensus on the justification thereof. An exceptionally delicate matter made so by a wealth of moral, ethical, philosophical, medical, religious, economic, legal and other aspects, abortion is a bone of contention in the general public and many an expert community. The reasoning provided in constitutional reviews of law is lambasted in equal measure by the pro-choice and the pro-life camps, the latter of which are felt in presence and influence despite the ever-growing liberalization. The paper primarily examines the matter of abortion in comparative and Croatian constitutional law and legislation from the perspective of human rights.
Dobro je poznato kako je fenomen migracija postao iznimno relevantan u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća. Migrantska kriza u Europi je posebice od 2015. godine rezultirala brojnim raspravama o migracijama, izbjeglicama, integraciji i sličnim pitanjima, te je stoga jedan od ciljeva ovog rada dati odgovarajući doprinos profesionalnoj i javnoj debati na području integracije migranata u hrvatsko društvo. Rad je koncipiran u pet dijelova. Nakon uvodnog dijela, u drugom dijelu rada izlaže se teorijski okvir koncepta integracije migranata, odnosno prikazuju se pokušaji (još uvijek neuspješnog) iznalaženja jedinstvene definicije pojma integracije migranata. Slijedi treći dio, u kojemu se daje pregled pravnog okvira Republike Hrvatske na području integracije migranata. U tom kontekstu, navode se relevantne odredbe Ustava Republike Hrvatske, relevantni ratificirani međunarodni ugovori, te odgovarajući zakoni i podzakonski propisi, kao i relevantna praksa Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Imajući u vidu da je Republika Hrvatska harmonizirala svoje zakonodavstvo s acquis communaitaireom Europske unije i članica je Europske unije, u radu se posebna pozornost poklanja prikazu okvira Europske unije za integraciju migranata. Četvrti dio rada bavi se institucionalnim okvirom Republike Hrvatske za integraciju migranata, pri čemu se naglašava kako je područje integracije migranata, na temelju zakonodavnog i regulatornog integracijskog okvira, područje koje je u nadležnosti nekoliko ministarstava (na čelu s Ministarstvom unutarnjih poslova), ureda, povjerenstava, a značajnu ulogu u ovom području svakako imaju i brojne nevladine organizacije. Konačno, u petom i ujedno zaključnom dijelu rada navode se preporuke za daljnji razvoj integracijske politike Republike Hrvatske.
The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Poland and Malta, recognize the rather liberal right of a woman to have an abortion in a certain period of time after conception. However, Malta and Poland, as members of the European Union, since abortion is seen as a service, must not hinder the travel of women abroad to have an abortion, nor restrict information on the provision of abortion services in other countries. In 2020, a pandemic highlighted all the weaknesses of this regime by preventing women from traveling to more liberal countries to perform abortions, thus calling into question their right to choose and protect their sexual and reproductive rights. This is not only the case in Poland and Malta, but also in countries that recognize the right to abortion but make it conditional on certain non-medical conditions, such as compulsory counselling; and the mandatory time period between applying for and performing an abortion; in situations present in certain countries where the problem of a woman exercising the right to abortion is a large number of doctors who do not provide this service based on their right to conscience. The paper is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part of the paper is to consider all the legal difficulties that women face in accessing abortion during the COVID -19 pandemic, restrictions that affect the protection of their dignity, right to life, privacy and right to equality. In the second part of the paper particular attention will be paid to the illiberal tendencies present in this period in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. In the third part of the paper, emphasis will be put on the situation in Malta where there is a complete ban on abortion even in the case when the life of a pregnant woman is in danger.
There is no doubt that prior to Covid-19 outbreak the issue of migration had been one of the top priorities across the European Union, especially after so-called ‘’refugee crisis’’ of 2015-2017. However, the situation rapidly changed since Covid-19 outbreak, when migration has fallen off the radar as a political issue. The aim of this paper is to analyse students' attitudes towards migrants, in the period before COVID-19, and our initial thesis is that the fact that attitudes towards migrants are rooted in individual values and when established can be resistant to change. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part of the paper, we give an overview of available reports on the impact of Covid-19 to public attitudes towards migrants. Although is too early to make some general conclusions about it, the surveys made so far show that external factors, such as Covid-19, does not make important changes to public attitudes towards migrants. Having this in mind, in the second part of the paper we present the results of our research which was developed as a part of the project ''Creating Welcoming Communities'' of the Association ''MI''. The purpose of this research was to identify the attitudes of students of the Faculty of Law Osijek for the acceptance and integration of migrant into society. The target group of survey participants covered by the research was defined so as to include students of different levels (Intergrated Undergraduate and Graduate Study Programme, Professional Administrative Study Programme, University Undergraduate Study of Social Work) and the sample of students included 300 persons. Finally, in the third part of the paper we give a synthesis of our research and a review of the topic from the perspective of human rights and social work in the community.
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