<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents a battery-less power supply using supercapacitor as energy storage powered by solar. In this study the supercapacitor as energy storage, as opposed to batteries, has widely researched in recent years. Supercapacitors act like other capacitors, but their advantage is having enormous power storage capabilities. Maximum charging voltage and capacitance are two variables of storage in the supercapacitor. The supercapacitor is used as energy storage to charge a low power device wirelessly and act as a power supply. The solar energy is used as a backup power supply if there is no electricity in the remote or isolated area to charge the supercapacitor. The time taken to charge the supercapacitor depend on the amount of current rating of the solar panel. The higher the current, the shorter the time taken to charges the supercapacitor. Power supply using supercapacitor can store up to 30 Vdc using a DC-DC boost converter.</span>
<span lang="EN-US">This paper presents about power generation by using piezoelectric transducer with bending mechanism support. In this study, bending mechanism is developed by employing 3D printer technology. This 3D model is used as a support for a piezoelectric transducer during deflection or bending process. During deflection condition, stress that applied on the piezoelectric transducer will generate electrical energy. The 3D model helps the piezoelectric transducer to produce more voltage output. </span><span lang="EN-US">A finger press test used as evaluation method for the voltage output of the piezoelectric transducer. The experiment is tested by varying three different 3D model with the different diameter for the middle hole for each of the model. A round shape of the piezoelectric transducer with size of 50 mm in diameter is used to conduct the experiment. Thus, when the piezoelectric transducer placed on the 3D model with 0 mm in diameter of middle hole will producing 5.4 V voltage output. However, 3D model with 30 mm diameter of middle hole, the output increases up to 19.0 V. The output voltage for piezoelectric transducer reached its highest voltage when placed on the 3D model with middle hole of 40 mm which is 34.4 V. This bending mechanism can be used to increase the output of piezoelectric transducer as it applied underneath footstep tile at crowded area to harvest the energy produced from walking activities. The power generated can be used to power up various electronic devices.</span>
<span>Electrical energy is important and had been demand increasingly. A lot of energy resources have been wasted and exhausted. An alternative way to generate electricity by using a population of human had been discovered When walking, the vibration that generates between the surface and the footstep is wasted. By utilizing this wasted energy, the electrical energy can be generated and fulfill the demand. The transducer that use to detect the vibration is a piezoelectric transducer. This transducer converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. When the pressure from the footstep is applied to the piezoelectric transducer, it will convert the pressure or the force into the electrical energy. The piezoelectric transducer is connected in series-parallel coonection. Then, it is placed on the tile that been made from wood as a model for footstep tile to give pressure to the piezoelectric transducers. This tile can be placed in the crowded area, walking pavement or exercise instruments. The electric energy that generates from this piezoelectric tile can be power up low power appliances.</span>
This paper present test and analyses of piezoelectric transducers tile with drop test technique. This piezoelectric tile was tested together with bending mechanism. The bending mechanism was designed using SolidWork software and manufactured by employing 3D printer technology to conduct the evaluation. The piezoelectric transducers connected in a parallel configuration and inserted in piezoelectric tile together with bending mechanism. The drop test employed to test this piezoelectric tile with various loads and speeds. This test conducted based on free fall concept. A wooden box used as a guide to drop an object onto the piezoelectric tile. The various weight load released at a fixed height with different speeds. The output power generated based on the weight and speed of the object were recorded with average force applied on piezoelectric transducer. The highest output power generated was 634.54 µW when 6 kg load released at 2 drop/s with 1.89 N average force applied on each piezoelectric transducer. The lowest output power generated was 6.28 µW when 1 kg load released at 0.5 drop/s with 0.22 N average force applied. The results showed good output power of the piezoelectric transducer was generated for energy harvesting application.
This paper tests and analyzes a piezoelectric transducer with bending mechanism based on the bending condition of piezoelectric transducer after applying a force on the bending mechanism that increase the stress on the piezoelectric surface and thus increase the electrical charges produced An impact force is being exerted onto bending mechanism to bend the piezoelectric transducer and hence generating useable electrical power. The proposed prototype bending mechanism was built by using SolidWork soft-ware and manufactured by employing 3D printer technology to conduct the evaluation. This bending mechanism is divided into two parts, presser and support housing. The presser is design with four different diameter to test the piezoelectric transducer. A round piezoelectric transducer with the size of 50 mm in diameter is used to demonstrate the experiment. This piezoelectric transducer is placed in support housing and the presser is used to give pressure to the piezoelectric transducer. A subject is assigned to hold the presser and press in on the surface of the piezoelectric transducer. It can be seen from the experiment that the last presser with diameter 22.35 mm generated the highest output voltage about 44.0 V. The reported mechanism is a promising candidate in the application of energy harvesting by using piezoelectric transducer for powering various low power output devices.
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