Pediatric diaphyseal breaks of the radius and ulna, regularly alluded to as both bone lower arm fractures, are the third most basic fractures in the paediatric populace and record for 13-40% of all pediatric fractures.1, 2. More than 40% of young ladies and more than half of young men manage no less than one fracture amid youth and adolescence, (3) with distal lower arm breaks being among the most widely recognized, representing up to 33% of all pediatric fractures. (3) Thus, the role of a childhood distal forearm fracture, in particular, on fracture risk later in life, would have practical clinical applications. Given the magnificent rebuilding potential of youthful patients, certain examinations have concluded that even with 100% uprooting of the radius and ulna closed reduction is an amazing treatment decision for youngsters 9 years of age and younger [14, 15] . Nonetheless, the correct measure of angulation, dislodging, and revolution of bone stays questionable in the writing. It is by and large acknowledged that the nearer the fracture is to the distal physis, the more prominent the potential for rebuilding. Moderate management is yet the main line of treatment for pediatric lower arm fractures particularly in youngsters under 10 years of age. By and by if intervention is required whether adaptable nails or open reduction with plating is needed, then both plating and nailing are adequate treatment choices but however it is nailing which provides less invasiveness, Thus this study shows light upon the management choices available with their pros and cons for various forearm fractures.

Epidural anaesthesia (EA) has consistently been used for treatments affecting the pelvis, lower limbs, lower abdomen, and perineum; however, it is progressively employed as a single anaesthetic or supplement to general and spinal anaesthesia for a broader range of procedures. The retention of a broken epidural catheter piece is an uncommon but well-known complication. In this report, we present a 30-year-old male with avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip who was referred for total hip replacement (THR). An epidural catheter had been placed at the presumed L2-3 interspace to administer EA. The catheter had been set too deep and it broke on extraction with the Tuohy needle, leaving a fragment inside. The patient was then given general anaesthesia and the planned procedure of THR was done in the lateral position. The patient was then shifted to the prone position to remove the retained fragment of the epidural catheter by a minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS). Right-sided L2 laminotomy was done, as the epidural catheter was inserted from the right side, to retrieve the broken fragment without any added postoperative neurological complications. MISS may be attempted by experienced surgeons for the removal of a retained fragment of the epidural catheter from the spinal canal before adhesion as a safe option.

Objective: To compare efficacy of PRP v/s hyalonuric acid administration in cases of osteoarthritis of knee. Method: Analysis of two goups of 30 patients each who were administered PRP and Hyalonuric acid respectively. Results: Result was analysed in terms of VAS and WOMAC scores, with PRP showing better results all together. Conclusion: Local administration of PRP gives better long term outcome.

Introduction: The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee joint; however, its displacement into the medial knee compartment is rare. Traumatic posterior root of medial meniscus (PRMM) tears are commonly found in high-grade injuries involving anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears along with MCL tears. Diagnosis of these injuries can be made by a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but they can be missed at times due to severe soft-tissue swelling in the acute phase. Case Report: A 25-year-old gentleman presented with injury to the front of his left knee 5 days back. On examination, he had a Grade 3 effusion with valgus stress test and posterior drawer test being positive and medial joint line tenderness was present. A firm localized swelling was palpable on the medial joint line. MRI scan revealed a mid-substance PCL tear, ACL sprain, PRMM tear, and tibial side rupture of superficial MCL with proximally migrated wavy MCL fibers lying below the medial meniscus confirmed on arthroscopy. Medial meniscus root repair by pull through technique and PCL reconstruction with a 3-strand peroneus longus graft followed by open MCL repair with augmentation using a semitendinosus graft was performed. Postoperatively, the knee was kept in a straight knee brace for 4 weeks, followed by a hinged knee brace and appropriate physiotherapy were started. At 2 years follow-up, the patient had attained full range of knee motion with good quadriceps strength, tibial step off maintained, and negative posterior drawer test and valgus stress test. Displacement of torn MCL into the medial knee compartment is an extremely rare injury. Proximal or distal avulsion of MCL with intra-articular incarceration has been reported in isolation or associated with ACL tear. Such an injury triad as reported here has not been reported in the literature to the best of our review. Conclusion: In our case, we report a ver