This research explains the problem solving skills of students of Grade XII MIPA SMA MTA Surakarta based on Krulik and Rudnick’s steps that are reviewed from the thinking style. This research is a qualitative study that produces descriptive data. The study began by determining the subject of the study by using a thought style questionnaire, given problem solving tasks and interviews. The results showed math problem solving skills; 1) concrete sequential student are systematically worked on and use an inductive mindset and the steps of reviewing and discussing are not implemented; 2) abstract sequential student are easy to present what is known in the question to mathematical symbol forms, collect data in detail, and manage the information obtained regularly and perform all of Krulik and Rudnick’s steps; 3) concrete random student are tend to be consistent in using guessing or experimenting strategies and work without detail and the steps of reviewing and discussing are not implemented: 4) abstract random student are fundamental differences in processing the information received and planning problem solving in a way of their own accord and doing all the steps krulik and rudnick.
Background: Leprosy remains a major public health problem in the world, particularly in developing countries. Leprosy can be so progressive that damages skin, nerve, extremity, and eye organs of the affected patients. Cumulative incidence of leprosy amounted to 200,000 cases worldwide, with the highest incidences occuring in India, Brazil, and Indonesia. This study sought to examine the social economic, environmental, and behavioral determinants of leprosy in Kediri, East Java, using path analysis approach. Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with case control design. The study was conducted at Leprosy Hospital, Kediri, East Java, from November to December 2017. A total sample of 150 study subjects consisting of 75 leprosy patients and 75 non-diseased subjects were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was leprosy. The independent variables were personal hygiene, education, employment status, family income, dwelling density, humidity, and migration. Data on leprosy diagnosis was taken from medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of leprosy increased with poorer personal hygiene (b= -1.20; 95% CI= -1.92 to -0.49; p=0.001), higher humidity (b= 0.73; 95% CI= 0.33 to 1.43; p=0.040), and migration (b= 0.94; 95% CI= 0.14 to 1.74; p= 0.022). Being employed status increased family income (b= 1.41; 95% CI= 0.72 to 2.11; p< 0.001). Low family income increased the likelihood of migration (b= -14; 95% CI= -1.71 to -3.19; p= 0.007) and dwelling density (b= -1.02; 95% CI= -1.71 to -0.32; p=0.004). Higher education level increased the likelihood of being employed (b= 1.41; 95% CI= 0.72 to 2.11; p< 0.001) and better personal hygiene (b= 1.15; 95% CI= 0.44 to 1.85; p= 0.001). Dwelling density increased the likelihood of humidity (b= 4.29; 95% CI= 3.22 to 5.37; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Migration, higher humidity, and poorer personal hygiene directly increase the risk of leprosy. Education, employment status, family income, and dwelling density indirectly affect the risk of leprosy.
This study aims to develop an educational dance learning model for basic education with a model called ICOSRIE. The method used was research and development. This research was conducted in small-scale and large-scale trials. In developing this model, the test was carried out twice, namely the pre-test and the post-test (before and after being given treatment). The stages carried out in the trial include: (1) conducting a pre-test to measure the initial ability of college students about educational dance courses for kindergarten and elementary school using instruments that have been tested, (2) providing treatment of the ICOSRIE learning model in Educational Dance Courses for Kindergarten and Elementary School, (3) holding a post-test to measure the ability of college students after being treated. Based on statistical calculations, the average cognitive pre-test learning outcomes in large group trials were 39.82, mode 12, median 40, standard deviation 4.02, and variance 16.18. While the average cognitive post-test learning outcomes in large group trials were 80.01, mode 24, median 81.66, standard deviation 4.81, and variance 23.14. Histograms of pre-test and post-test cognitive learning outcomes were obtained in large group trials. Based on statistical calculations, the average value of cognitive pre-test learning outcomes in small group trials was 33.66, mode 50, median 35, standard deviation 14.69, and variance 219.92. Meanwhile, the average cognitive post-test learning outcomes in small group trials were 71.33, mode 80, median 71.66, standard deviation 8.04, and variance 64.70. The average difference in small-group cognitive learning outcomes among students during the pre-test was 10, with a standard deviation of 4,408. While the average cognitive learning outcomes of students during the post-test were 21.10 with a standard deviation of 2,025. The results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.001, asserting that it can be concluded that there are small group cognitive learning outcomes in students during the pre-test and post-test after being given the ICOSRIE learning model. The average difference in cognitive learning outcomes of large groups of students during the pre-test was 11.95, with a standard deviation of 1,207. Meanwhile, the average cognitive learning outcomes of students during the post-test were 24.61 with a standard deviation of 1,443. The results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.001, asserting that there are cognitive learning outcomes in large groups of students during the pre-test and post-test after being given the ICOSRIE learning model.
Background: Leprosy is a leading cause of preventable disability in many low and middle income countries, including Indonesia. It thereby poses a major public health challenge for the country. Leprosy can be so progressive that damages skin, nerve, extremity, and eye organs of the affected patients. Cumulative incidence of leprosy amounted to 200,000 cases worldwide, with the highest incidences occuring in India, Brazil, and Indonesia. This study aimed to examine thebehavioral, social economic, and environmental determinants of leprosy in Kediri, East Java, using a path analysis model. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted at the Leprosy Hospital, Kediri, East Java, from November to December 2017. A total sample of 150 study subjects consisting of 75 leprosy patients and 75 non-diseased subjects were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was leprosy. The independent variables were personal hygiene, education, employment status, family income, dwelling density, humidity, and migration. Data on leprosy diagnosis was taken from medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results: The risk of leprosy increased with poor personal hygiene (b= -1.20; 95% CI= -1.92 to -0.49; p= 0.001), high humidity (b= 0.73; 95%CI= 0.33 to 1.43; p= 0.040), and migration (b= 0.94; 95% CI= 0.14 to 1.74; p= 0.022). The risk of leprosy was indirectly affected by family income, dwelling density, education, and employment status. Conclusion: Poor personal hygiene, high humidity, and migration, directly affect the risk of leprosy. Education, employment status, family income, and dwelling density indirectly affect the risk of leprosy.
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