The HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of A. vulgaris shows the presence of luteolin and morin, whereas G. fragrantissima reveals the presence of rutin and a glycosylated flavonoids. Results reveal that A. vulgaris oil is the rich source of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds. Furthermore, A. vulgaris and G. fragrantissima are the rich source of the phenolic and flavonoids compounds and show good antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
In this present study, phytochemical screening, anti-ulcer assay, anti-diarrhea assay, anti-inflammatory assay, analgesic assay, lipase activity assay, amylase activity assay and the anti-bacterial activity of
Eucalyptus camaladulensis
Dehnh leaf extracted with methanol and 50% ethanol was analyzed for biological significance. Physical characterization of the non-volatile component revealed the higher yield of 16.92% in 50% ethanol expediting the use of 50% ethanol as a better alternative. Further use of crude extract revealed 33.89% (IC
50
= 1.44 mg/ml) of α-amylase inhibition by methanol extract and 33.87% (IC
50
= 3.21 mg/ml) lipase inhibition by 50% ethanol extract. Furthermore, 44.44% protective ratio towards ulcer was observed with the methanol extract, whereas 54.58% anti-inflammatory activity was shown by the 50% ethanol extract. The effectiveness of the extract was further enhanced by the presence of 62.54% motility and best analgesic property at 180 min of the exposure of the extract orally. The antioxidant activity of crude methanol extract revealed an IC
50
value 601.8 μg/ml whereas, ethanol extract showed 1279.58 μg/ml in DPPH assay. Result revealed several health benefits of
E. camaldulensis
Dehnh leaf.
Lens epithelial explants are comprised of lens epithelial cells cultured in vitro on their native basement membrane, the lens capsule. Biologists have used lens epithelial explants to study many different cellular processes including lens fiber cell differentiation. In these studies, fiber differentiation is typically measured by cellular elongation and the expression of a few proteins characteristically expressed by lens fiber cells in situ. Chromatin and RNA was collected from lens epithelial explants cultured in either un-supplemented media or media containing 50% bovine vitreous humor for one or five days. Chromatin for ATAC-sequencing and RNA for RNA-sequencing was prepared from explants to assess regions of accessible chromatin and to quantitatively measure gene expression, respectively. Vitreous humor increased chromatin accessibility in promoter regions of genes associated with fiber differentiation and, surprisingly, an immune response, and this was associated with increased transcript levels for these genes. In contrast, vitreous had little effect on the accessibility of the genes highly expressed in the lens epithelium despite dramatic reductions in their mRNA transcripts. An unbiased analysis of differentially accessible regions revealed an enrichment of cis-regulatory motifs for RUNX, SOX and TEAD transcription factors that may drive differential gene expression in response to vitreous.
Analysis of bamboo species namely B. balcooa obtained from the Sindhuli district of Nepal was carried out. Phytochemical analysis between the stem and leaves extract in six solvent was carried out. Highest yield of 34.55% of B. balcooa leaves in methanol as extracting solvent was obtained. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of sterols, coumarins, reducing sugar, cardiac glycoside, flavonoids, and other polyphenolic compounds. Pharmacological analysis of methanol B. balcooa leaves extract revealed anti- ulcer activity of (14.66% protective ratio). The data are expressed as Mean ±SD which were further subject statistical analysis using Origin Pro and SPSS. Kathmandu UniversityJournal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 12, No. 2, 2016, page: 88-95
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