The likelihood of pre-hypertensive young adults developing hypertension has been steadily increasing in recent years. Despite the fact that aerobic exercise training (AET) has demonstrated positive results in lowering high blood pressure, the efficacy of different types of AET among pre-hypertensive young adults has not been well-established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) on the blood pressure (BP) of physically inactive pre-hypertensive young adults. In total, 32 adults (age 20.0 ± 1.1 years and BMI 21.5 ± 1.8) were randomly assigned to three groups: HIIT, CMT and control (CON). The HIIT and CMT groups participated in 5 weeks of AET, while the CON group followed a DASH diet plan only. The HIIT protocol consisted of a 1:4 min work to rest ratio of participants, at an 80–85% heart rate reserve (HR-reserve) and a 40–60% HR-reserve, respectively, for 20 min; the CMT group exercised at 40–60% of their HR-reserve continuously for 20 min. In both the HIIT and CMT groups, systolic blood pressure (SBP) (3.8 ± 2.8 mmHg, p = 0.002 vs. 1.6 ± 1.5 mmHg, p = 0.011) was significantly reduced, while significant reductions in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (2.9 ± 2.2 mmHg, p = 0.002) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (3.1 ± 1.6 mmHg, p < 0.0005) were noted only in the HIIT group. No significant differences in SBP (−0.4 ± 3.7 mmHg, p = 0.718), DBP (0.4 ± 3.4 mmHg, p = 0.714), or MAP (0.1 ± 2.5 mmHg, p = 0.892) were observed in the CON group. Both HIIT and CMT decreased BP in physically inactive pre-hypertensive young adults; however, HIIT yielded more beneficial results in terms of reducing the SPB, DBP and MAP.

The likelihood of a pre-hypertensive young adult to develop hypertension has been steadily increasing over the past few years. Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been found to reduce high blood pressure, however, efficacy of different types of aerobic exercise is yet to be determined among the pre-hypertensive young adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) on blood pressure (BP) in young physically inactive pre-hypertensive adults. 32 adults (age 20.0&plusmn;1.1) were randomly assigned into 3 groups; HIIT, CMT, and control (CON). HIIT and CMT groups participated in 5 weeks of AET with CON group not participating in any exercise. The HIIT protocol consisted of 1:4 minute work to rest ratio of participants 80%-85% heart rate reserve (HR-reserve) and 40%-60% HR-reserve respectively for 20 minutes, CMT group exercised at 40%-60% of HR-reserve continuously for 20 minutes. In both HIIT and CMT groups, systolic blood pressure (SBP) (3.8&plusmn;2.8 mmHg, P=0.002 VS 1.6&plusmn;1.5 mmHg, P=0.011) was significantly reduced. While, significant reductions were noted in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (2.9&plusmn;2.2 mmHg, P=0.002) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (3.1&plusmn;1.6mmHg, P&lt;0.0005) only in the HIIT group. No significant difference in SBP (-0.4&plusmn;3.7 mmHg, P=0.718), DBP (0.4&plusmn;3.4 mmHg, P=0.714), or MAP (0.1&plusmn;2.5mmHg, P= 0.892) was observed in the CON group. Both HIIT and CMT decreased the BP in physically inactive pre-hypertensive young adults; however, HIIT yielded more beneficial results in terms of reducing the SPB, DBP, and MAP.

The likelihood of pre-hypertensive young adults developing hypertension has been steadily increasing over the past few years. Despite the fact that aerobic exercise training (AET) has demonstrated positive results in lowering high blood pressure, the efficacy of different types of AET among pre-hypertensive young adults has not been well-established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) on blood pressure (BP) of physically inactive pre-hypertensive young adults. 32 adults (age 20.0&plusmn;1.1 years and BMI 21.5&plusmn;1.8) were randomly assigned into 3 groups: HIIT, CMT and control (CON). HIIT and CMT groups participated in 5 weeks of AET; while the CON group followed a DASH diet plan only. The HIIT protocol consisted of 1:4 minute work to rest ratio of participants 80%-85% heart rate reserve (HR-reserve) and 40%-60% HR-reserve respectively for 20-minutes, CMT group exercised at 40%-60% of HR-reserve continuously for 20-minutes. In both HIIT and CMT groups, systolic blood pressure (SBP) (3.8&plusmn;2.8 mmHg, P=0.002 VS 1.6&plusmn;1.5 mmHg, P=0.011) was significantly reduced. While, significant reductions in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (2.9&plusmn;2.2 mmHg, P=0.002) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (3.1&plusmn;1.6mmHg, P&lt;0.0005) were noted only in the HIIT group. No significant differences in SBP (-0.4&plusmn;3.7 mmHg, P=0.718), DBP (0.4&plusmn;3.4 mmHg, P=0.714), or MAP (0.1&plusmn;2.5mmHg, P= 0.892) were observed in the CON group. Both HIIT and CMT decreased the BP in physically inactive pre-hypertensive young adults; however, HIIT yielded more beneficial results in terms of reducing the SPB, DBP and MAP.

Background: Chronic knee pain is becoming a significant social issue with ageing. The loss in muscle strength and balance with increasing age often lead to physical and quality of life impairments, as well as increased morbidity. Since knee pain and impaired balance are major issues affecting the quality of life of the elderly population, a preventive approach is required to decrease the incidence of muscle weakness and decrease proprioception. Objective to compare the effectiveness of open kinetic-chain (OKC) and closed kinetic-chain (CKC) exercise in improving the elderly population's knee strength and balance. Method: A literature review was done where number of previously published articles were searched from various online platforms to find the effectiveness of OKCE versus CKCE in improving knee muscle strength and balance in elderly population. Result Both CKCE and OKCE were found to improve strength in lower leg musculature but OKCE are comparatively more effective strength training program. However, when it comes to improving balance and proprioception, CKCE were found to be more effective. Conclusion: OKCE are better strengthening exercise regimes whereas CKCE are better choice of exercise regimes when it comes to improving balance and proprioception.

Mental and physical training (MAP) has been reported to improve outcomes related to mental health issues, but there is scarcity in current literature with regards to its effect on blood pressure (BP) in prehypertensive population. Therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MAP on BP and resting heart rate (RHR) among prehypertensive young male adults. Methods – A single blinded randomized controlled trial with 43 prehypertensive (BP 120-139/80-89 mmHg) participants were divided into 2 experimental and 1 control groups. Mental training group (MT) participated in mindfulness meditation, while physical training group (PT) engaged in moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Both groups underwent training for 6-weeks, 3 sessions/week, each session lasting for 20 minutes. Control group did not participate in any training and was debriefed about Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan. Participants in all 3 groups were instructed not to engage in any type of relaxation training or physical activity throughout this study. Systolic BP, diastolic BP, and RHR were assessed at baseline, at end of 3-weeks and 6-weeks intervention. Results – Mean age of participants in MT, PT and DASH group were 20.8±1.5, 20.1±1.8 and 19.8±1.8 respectively. Within group time effect demonstrated a significant difference in SBP (F=42.392, P=0.000), DBP (F=1836.863, P=0.000) and a non-significant difference in RHR (F=1.856, P=0.171), while between group analysis did not show significant difference in SBP (F=0.222, P=0.802); DBP (=0.325, P=0.739), and RHR (=0.63, P=0.939). Conclusions – All 3 interventions are equally effective in reducing the BP in pre-hypertensive young adults, however they did not have any effect on RHR.

The likelihood of a pre-hypertensive young adult to develop hypertension has been steadily increasing over the past few years. Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been found to reduce high blood pressure, however, efficacy of different types of aerobic exercise is yet to be determined among the pre-hypertensive young adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) on blood pressure (BP) in young physically inactive pre-hypertensive adults. 32 adults (age 20.0&plusmn;1.1) were randomly assigned into 3 groups; HIIT, CMT, and control (CON). HIIT and CMT groups participated in 5 weeks of AET with CON group not participating in any exercise. The HIIT protocol consisted of 1:4 minute work to rest ratio of participants 80%-85% heart rate reserve (HR-reserve) and 40%-60% HR-reserve respectively for 20 minutes, CMT group exercised at 40%-60% of HR-reserve continuously for 20 minutes. In both HIIT and CMT groups, systolic blood pressure (SBP) (3.8&plusmn;2.8 mmHg, P=0.002 VS 1.6&plusmn;1.5 mmHg, P=0.011) was significantly reduced. While, significant reductions were noted in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (2.9&plusmn;2.2 mmHg, P=0.002) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) (3.1&plusmn;1.6mmHg, P&lt;0.0005) only in the HIIT group. No significant difference in SBP (-0.4&plusmn;3.7 mmHg, P=0.718), DBP (0.4&plusmn;3.4 mmHg, P=0.714), or MAP (0.1&plusmn;2.5mmHg, P= 0.892) was observed in the CON group. Both HIIT and CMT decreased the BP in physically inactive pre-hypertensive young adults; however, HIIT yielded more beneficial results in terms of reducing the SPB, DBP, and MAP.

No abstract

BackgroundInvasive vagal nerve stimulation (iVNS) is a known treatment approach for patients with refractory epilepsy. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) was developed to overcome the side effects and surgical complications of iVNS. tVNS is proven beneficial in refractory epilepsy. The effectiveness of tVNS, however, has never been studied in patients with Status Epilepticus. In this study, we explored the effect of tVNS in three patients with possible electrographic status epilepticus.ObjectivesTo compare the EEG pattern before, during and after tVNS in three patients with possible electrographic status epilepticus.MethodsThree consecutive patients with possible electrographic status epilepticus were included after due consenting process. In addition to the standard care, tVNS was applied on the left ear over the cymba concha in two sessions, 6 h apart, with each session for 45 min. Continuous EEG monitoring was performed as standard of care and the findings before, during and after tVNS were documented.ResultsThe duration of status epilepticus at the time of inclusion of Patients 1, 2, and 3 was 6 weeks, 7 days, and 5 days respectively. All were in coma and on multiple antiseizure medications. Patient 1 and 3 were on anesthetic infusions. Before stimulation, one patient had burst suppression pattern and two had generalized periodic discharges at 1 Hz frequency. We observed a significant reduction/resolution of ongoing EEG patterns in all three patients during the stimulation. The abnormal patterns re‐emerged approximately 20 min post cessation of tVNS. No stimulation‐related side effects were detected. There was no change in clinical status, but all three patients had severe underlying conditions.SignificanceTranscutaneous auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) is a potential noninvasive adjuvant therapy that can modulate EEG patterns in patients with Status epilepticus. Larger studies in early SE are needed to assess its clinical benefits.