Aim:The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the effect of in-office bleaching agents,–35% and 38% hydrogen peroxide containing bleaching agents, on the phosphate concentration of the enamel evaluated by Raman spectroscopy.Materials and Methods:Forty noncarious, craze-free human maxillary incisors, extracted for periodontal reasons, were used in this study. Baseline Raman spectra from each specimen were obtained before the application of the bleaching agent to assess the phosphate content present in the teeth. The teeth were divided into two groups: Group A – bleached with pola office bleach (35% hydrogen peroxide, potassium nitrate) (light activated). Group B – bleached with opalescence Xtra bleach (38% hydrogen peroxide potassium nitrate and fluoride) (chemical activated). After the bleaching procedure, the treated specimens were taken to obtain Raman spectra to assess the phosphate loss after bleaching treatment.Results:The results showed that the chemically activated bleaching agent showed less phosphate loss when compared with the light activated bleaching agent.Conclusion:Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the chemically activated bleaching agent showed minimal phosphate loss when compared to light activated bleaching agent. The chemically activated bleaching agent was better than the light activated bleaching agent when values were evaluated statistically.
COVID-19 otherwise called as SARS-Cov-2 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome declared as pandemic by WHO, resulted in increased mortality globally. Post covid recovered patients developed a wide range of opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections including mucormycosis. Even though mucormycosis is known as a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients and patients with uncontrolled diabetes with high rates of morbidity and mortality, application of a proper protocol and adhering to the standard guidelines in the management from initial stage to advanced complex stage can reduce the morbidity and mortality. Since the early clinical signs and symptoms arise in the oral and maxillofacial region, the role of general dentist in early detection of the clinical signs and symptoms and in particular the early surgical intervention by the Oral & Maxillofacial surgeons can definitely reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by mucormycosis. Poor prognosis and increased morbidity are often related to delayed diagnosis and delayed management without proper guidelines. This article aims to describe in brief mucormycosis with the current update and the role of an endodontist in diagnosis and management of this fungal infection.
The objective of this mini review is to evaluate the age-related changes in dentin and its effect on bonding. Background: Bonding to dentin poses a great challenge which can be attributed to multifarious including factors such as the high organic content of dentin, the presence of dentinal tubules, a continuously moist environment due to fluid presence in the tubules, permeability in dentin, and intratubular pressure. The bonding becomes more challenging with advancing age due to corresponding age-related changes. This dental problem triggered by age-related changes is mainly attributed to the mineralization property of dentin. The bonding to dentin differs significantly in both primary and secondary dentin. These differences can be maintained by altering the etching time.
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