Introduction The diagnostic criteria of sexual dysfunctions (SDs) are paramount for the development of sexual medicine as reliable diagnoses are essential to guide treatment plans. Prior Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classifications based definitions of SD mostly on expert opinions and included imprecise terms. The validity of diagnoses of SD has only recently been challanged, and efforts are made to make more operational definitions. Aim This paper aims to compare and contrast the recently released Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria of SD with that of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) and explains the rationale for making changes in the new DSM-5. It also aims to address some issues to be considered further for the future. Methods Online proposed American Psychiatric Association website DSM-5, the new released DSM-5, and DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for SD were throughly inspected, and an extensive literature search was performed for comparative reasons. Main Outcome Measures Changes in diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 were detected, and DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for SD were compared and contrasted. Results Diagostic criteria were more operationalized, and explicit duration and frequency criteria were set up in DSM-5 for purposes of good clinical research. Classifications based on simple linear sexual response were abondoned, and diagnostic classifications were separetely made for males and females. Desire and arousal disorders in women were merged. Conclusions Drifting apart from linear sexual response cycle may be an advancement in establishing specific diagnostic criteria for different genders. However, it is still a question of debate whether there is enough evidence to lump sexual interest and arousal disorders in females. Making more precise definitions is important to differentiate disorders from other transient conditions. However, there is still room to improve our definitions and find a way to include gay and lesbian individuals. Further discussions and debates are expected to be continued in the future.

Aim: To investigate the association between menstrual cycle regularity in healthcare providers and COVID-19 pandemic-related anxiety, depression, stress. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by administrating online questionnaires to female healthcare workers in Turkey. Women aged 18-40 years with regular menstrual cycles for more than 1 year before the beginning of the pandemic were included in the study and they were divided into two groups according to menstrual cycle regularity during the pandemic. The questionnaires included sociodemographic characteristics, medical and reproductive history, lifestyle information of participants, COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS), and a short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: A total of 952 women were included in the study, 679 had regular menstrual cycles, and 273 had irregular menstrual cycles. The prevalence of irregular menses among Turkish women healthcare workers aged 18-40 years was 28.7%. The CSS subdimensions and total scores were significantly higher in the irregular menstruation group than in women with regular menstruation (p < 0.001). The DASS-21 depression, anxiety, and stress subdimensions were likewise significantly higher in women with irregular menstruation (p < 0.001). Besides, both the univariable and the multivariable logistic regression results showed the relationship between irregular menstruation and CSS total score. Conclusion:The current study showed the association between the COVID-19 pandemic-induced anxiety, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and increased prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularity among healthcare providers.

Backgrounds : Although the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been investigated, there is no study comparing the effects between the peaks. This study aims to compare the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress of healthcare workers struggling with pandemic between the first and second peaks. Methods : A total of 2460 healthcare workers, 1051 from the first peak period and 1409 from the second peak period, were included in the study. The first peak measurements of the participants were made between 07.04.2020 and 05.05.2020 and the second peak measurements were made between 22.11.2020 and 20.12.2020 according to the peak period in Turkey. Depression-Anxiety-Stress-21(DASS-21) scale was applied to the participants online by the purpose of the study. Results : The mean age of the participants was 32.63±7.70, and 66.5% of them were female. A statistically significant difference was found between the income status (p<0.001), lifestyle (p<0.001) and COVID-19 test result (p<0.001), DASS-21 Depression (p<0.001, t=-5.311), Anxiety (p<0.001, t=-8.244), Stress (p<0.001, -10.056) and total(p<0.001, t=-8.719) scores of the two groups. Conclusion : The present study results showed that healthcare workers meticulously struggling with the pandemic had increased anxiety, depression, and stress levels at the second peak of the pandemic compared to the first peak.

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Objective: Aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability and validity of Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Questionnaire. Methods: This research was carried out with 50 patients who consulted in Davranış Bilimleri Enstitüsü. The participants were aged between 18 and 65 years with no current alcohol and substance abuse, no mental retardation, no organic mental disorder. Participants were assessed with the socio-demographic data form, the Adverse Childhood Experience Turkish Form (ACE-TR) and the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45). On the statistical analysis, item-total score correlation coefficients, internal consistency coefficient and correlation values with other scales were calculated. Results: The mean age of the study population was 33.77±13.24 years and 48% (n=24) of the sample group were female and 52% (n=26) were males. The Cronbach's alpha value of the total score of the scale was 0.742, which indicates that it has a consistency reliability of 74%. The single component solution was obtained as the result of the principal components analysis. Correlations between ACE-TR and SA-45 sub-components were statistically significant. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the Adverse Childhood Experience Turkish Form (ACE-TR) was a valid and reliable instrument, which may serve as a screening tool for childhood trauma in large populations.