Obtaining a conclusive definitive diagnosis for an intra-ventricular tumour in a dog can be challenging. In doing so, all differential diagnoses should be considered. Differentiation between choroid plexus tumours (CPTs) (a choroid plexus papilloma, atypical choroid plexus papilloma or choroid plexus carcinoma) and gliomas, including ependymoma, oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma should be considered. Histopathologic features and immunohistochemistry are essential in the differentiation between intraventricular tumours. A 4-year-old Boerboel dog presented with a left head tilt and a wide range of nonspecific clinical abnormalities not limited to weight loss, depression and marked bradycardia. MRI proved useful in providing a diagnosis of an intra-ventricular tumour and demonstrated the potential of choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) to metastasize. In this case, the histological features displayed malignancy with invasion into the neuroparenchyma, drop metastasis and immunohistochemistry with E-cadherinpositive result that assisted with differentiation of CPC from other tumours.
Background: Endometrosis, a multifactorial disease, is an important cause of subfertility in the mare, and its management is reliant on histological classification.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between increased endometrial biopsy grade with first a mare's breed specifically either Thoroughbred or non-Thoroughbred, age and barren status and second, a clinical history indicating one or more of acute endometritis, positive bacterial culture, previous dystocia and uterine fluid retention. Study design: Retrospective case series.Methods: This retrospective study used historical reproductive data (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) from a population of 41 subfertile mares of various breeds, but mostly Thoroughbreds (30/41; 73%). Biopsies were interpreted by a single, experienced evaluator using the Kenney-Doig classification (1986).Results: Endometrial biopsy grade was positively correlated with age (ρ = 0.606; p = 0.001) but not associated with other evaluated variables (p > 0.05).Main limitations: Use of a small, non-randomly selected subfertile mare population. Conclusions:Mare age was an important predictor of her reproductive performance, and performing an endometrial biopsy is therefore indicated in older mares.
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