No abstract

Aging is a syndrome of progressive, universal and irreversible alterations. Endocrinology alterations in aging consist of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, increase of hydrogen peroxide and glucose blood level. At the beginning of aging process the Pancreaticcellsproducemoreinsulininorderiskeepbloodglucosewithinnormallevel.Butthepersistentofhyperglycemiaconditioncausedthepancreatic-cellsunabletoproduceadequateinsulinduetointernalfactorsorexternalfactors.Asthisconditionprogress,wouldbedisturbedfastingandpost-prandialbloodglucose(hyperglicemia).Besidesinsulinresistance,freeradicalsalsoincreasedasaconsequenceoffailurecompensationofcellsinthebody.TheaimofthisstudyistodeterminethatintermittentanddailycalorierestrictioninoldmaleWistarratscanreduceserumhydrogenperoxide,andbloodglucoselevel.Themethodofthisstudywasanexperimentalstudywithpost-testcontrolgroupdesign.TwentyfourmaleWistarratsabout12monthsold,weredividedintofourequalgroupsandeachgroupcontainsixrats:(i)adlibitumfed(control),(ii)2-1intermittentwith2daysfedand1dayfast,(iii)1-1intermittentwith1dayfedand1dayfast,and(iv)40%continuouscalorierestrictioneveryday.Independentvariableinthisstudywascalorieintakeandbodyweight.Dependentvariableswerehydrogenperoxideleveland.Bloodglucoselevel.Thedifferenceofeachgroupwasanalyzedwithone way ANOVA and the least significant difference was analyzed by the use post hoc tests, using p < 0.05. The result of this study for hydrogen peroxide and blood glucose level in control group with experimental groups were p 0.000 and p 0.001. There was positivecorrelation between hydrogen peroxide level and blood glucose level r 0.791. We conclude that calorie restriction decrease hydrogenperoxide level and as well as regulating of blood glucose level. The best one of this method is 40% calorie restriction.

Malaria is the most important of the parasitic diseases of humans. In Indonesia, about more than 70 million people live in area which is endemic to malaria, about 15 million new case of malaria occurred every year. In malaria immune response forms free radical which assist to eliminate the cause of disease but also destroys endothelial cells at various organ. This oxidative damage plays an important role in the development of malarial thrombocytopenia. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Choroquine combine with N-Acetyl cysteine on the degree of parasitemia and platelets amount during malaria infection. Combination of Chloroquine and N-Acetyl cysteine have been tested by using experimental research method in male Balb/c mice which was infected by Plasmodium berghei. Measurement of the degree of parasitemia was done everyday and the amount of the platelet as one of the nonspecific cellular immunity parameter at malaria was calculated once in three days. Treatment group were divided to eight groups, group of chloroquine(0,05 mg/gr), group of N-Acetyl cysteine with dose 0,25 mg/gr, 0,5 mg/gr, and 1 mg/gr and also combination group of chloroquine and N-Acetyl cysteine with constant dose of chloroquine(0,05 mg/gr) and various dose of N-Acetyl cysteine(0,25 mg/gr, 0,5 mg/gr, and 1 mg/gr). One group consisted of infected mice without treatment as control group. Significant degradation of parasitemia was noted in combination group of chloroquine and N-Acetyl cysteine during the infection of malaria (p < 0,05). Amount of platelet at combination group of chloroquine and N-Acetyl cysteine was higher than control (p > 0,05). The conclusion this research is combination of chloroquine and N-Acetyl cysteine can degrade the degree of parasitemia, but not yet proven degradation of platelet amount during malaria infection.Keywords: Plasmodium berghei, chloroquine, N-acetyl cysteine, platelet PENDAHULUANMalaria merupakan penyakit akibat parasit yang paling penting untuk manusia. Transmisinya terjadi di 103 negara dan menyerang lebih dari satu milyar manusia dan menyebabkan 1-3 juta kematian setiap tahun. Kebanyakan malaria terjadi pada daerah tropis, tapi malaria juga merupakan ancaman bagi negara non endemik serta bahaya bagi para wisatawan (1).Di Indonesia, sekitar lebih dari 70 juta orang hidup di daerah endemis malaria, lebih kurang 15 juta kasus baru malaria terjadi setiap tahunnya. Tingkat kematian malaria mencapai ±30.000 pertahun. Kerugian yang timbul pada bidang sosial ekonomi sekitar US$ 5 juta pertahun, kehilangan penghasilan ini karena penderita tidak bekerja selama sakit malaria (2).Malaria disebabkan oleh protozoa intraseluler yang bergenus Plasmodium. Keberadaan Plasmodium didalam tubuh akan merangsang sistem imun untuk memberikan perlindungan bagi tubuh dengan jalan menghilangkan benda asing atau antigen, diantaranya adalah dengan mengaktivasi sel T limfosit dan makrofag serta produksi TNF(Tumor Necrosis Factor) (3). Respon imun dalam rangka melawan keberadaan parasit yang melibatkan m...

Endothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of complications of cardiovascular disease in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. One of the new biomarkers for inflammatory conditions and endothelial dysfunction is endocan. This study aimed to determine the correlation between endocan levels and HbA1c in type 1 DM patients. This study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach performed at the Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang from May to August 2019. The research subjects were children aged 10-18 years with a diagnosis of type 1 DM who met the inclusion criteria. Students who underwent routine health checks participated as the control group. In both groups, serum endocan levels were measured using the ELISA method and HbA1c levels were measured by the HPLC method. Independent T-test analysis was used to determine the differences between both groups and the Pearson test was used to determine the correlation between serum endocan and HbA1c with SPSS version 23. In this study, there were 40 type 1 DM patients and 40 healthy controls with a mean age of 14.5 (3.16) years in the type 1 DM group and 14.7 (0.99) years in the healthy control group. There was a higher number of female subjects in both the type 1 DM group (57.5%) and the healthy control group (65%). The mean endocan level in the type 1 DM group was higher than the control group and was statistically significant with 1090.61 (150.84) pg/mL vs. 775.56 (8.91) pg/mL, p=0.000). The mean value for HbA1c levels in the type 1 DM group was also significantly higher compared to the control group 9.63 (2.22%) vs. 4.69 (0.251%), p <0.001), respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between endocan levels and HbA1c in DM patients (p=0.025, r=0.354). This study showed a correlation between serum endocan levels and HbA1c in patients with type 1 DM.

No abstract

No abstract

Abnormalitas jaringan lemak pada kegemukan berhubungan dengan timbulnya berbagai masalah kesehatan, antara lain terjadinyaresistensi insulin. Adipositokin merupakan protein yang dihasilkan jaringan lemak, salah satunya adalah Visceral Adipose Tissue-DerivedSerpin (Vaspin). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan vaspin berhubungan dengan kepekaan insulin. Belum diketahui apakah dalam setiappeningkatan derajat kegemukan terdapat perubahan hasilan vaspin, yang berhubungan dengan perubahan kadar glukosa darah, sebagaimanifestasi gangguan kepekaan insulin. Rancangan penelitian adalah potong silang, dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang usia dewasa,yang terbagi berdasarkan patokan WPRO (2000), yaitu 10 orang non-kegemukan, 10 orang kegemukan I dan 40 orang tergolongkegemukan II. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah puasa menggunakan metode heksokinase. Pemeriksaan kadar vaspin menggunakanmetode sandwich ELISA. Telitian menunjukkan kadar vaspin di kelompok kegemukan II dan I lebih tinggi dibandingkan kadar vaspinpada non-kegemukan (p=0,00). Kadar vaspin di kegemukan II dan I tidak berbeda bermakna. Kadar glukosa darah puasa di kelompokkegemukan II dan I lebih tinggi dibandingkan kadar glukosa darah puasa di non-kegemukan (p=0,017), namun kadar glukosa darahsebagian besar subjek penelitian masih dalam taraf normal. Hasil uji kenasaban Spearman menunjukkan ada kenasaban positif yangbermakna kadar vaspin terhadap kadar glukosa darah, namun kekuatannya rendah (r=0,384, p=0,001). Terdapat hubungan yangbermakna kadar vaspin dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa di kegemukan. Perlu dilakukan kajian lebih lanjut menggunakan subjekpenelitian kegemukan dengan mengukur indeks kepekaan insulin, untuk memperjelas hubungan antara vaspin, sebagai adipositokinyang berperan dalam kepekaan insulin, terhadap kadar glukosa darah.

Congenital analbuminemia (CAA) merupakan kelainan autosomal resesif yang langka, disebabkan oleh adanya kelainan pada kromosom nomor 4 yang mengodekan albumin. CAA ditandai dengan kadar serum albumin yang sangat rendah atau bahkan tidak ada. CAA didefinisikan sebagai kadar serum albumin <1 g/l dengan fungsi liver normal dan tanpa protein loss. Prevalensi CAA diperkirakan kurang dari 1 kasus per 1 juta kelahiran.Kasus anak laki-laki berusia 10 tahun, dengan keluhan edema menyeluruh. Edema memberat sejak 1 bulan sebelumnya. Dua tahun sebelumnya pasien pernah didiagnosis dengan sindrom nefrotik, kemudian menjadi protein-losing enteropathy. Tidak ada keluhan batuk ataupun diare. Pasien memiliki riwayat alergi makanan. Pemeriksaan fisik: tampak sakit sedang, nilai Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) E 4 V 5 M 6 , tekanan darah 90/50 mmHg, nadi 120x/menit, laju pernafasan 30x/menit, palpebral edema, shifting dullness, undulasi (+), edema nonpitting pada ekstremitas. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkan leukositosis (neutrofilia), apusan darah tepi menunjukkan eritrosit hipokromik mikrositer anisositosis. Serum AAT 246 mg/dl, serum besi 28 µg/dl, TIBC 411 µg/dl, saturasi transferin 7%, IgE total 775,90 U/ml, serum GGT 88 U/l. Hasil Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) menunjukkan hipoalbuminemia (1,4 g/dl), hipogammaglobulin (0,21 g/dl), total protein 2,91 g/dl. Hasil foto toraks menunjukkan pneumonia dengan efusi pleura dextra minimal. Overestimasi kadar serum albumin disebabkan pada metode bromocresol green (BCG), di mana alfa dan beta globulin terukur sebagai albumin. Kondisi CAA diperberat dengan alergi sehingga klinis mengarah kepada malnutrisi.Data klinis dan laboratorium menunjang diagnosis CAA disertai sepsis dan anemia defisiensi besi. Saran penatalaksanaan terdiri dari kultur darah, pemeriksaan kadar procalcitonin, biopsi limfonodi inguinal, analisis sekuens DNA, serta analisis cairan pleura dan cairan asites.