This study investigates the use of citations in A Man of the People by Chinua Achebe. We used the post-structuralism approach, with Julia Kristeva drawing inspiration from Mikhail and adopting a notion and method called intertextuality. Many excerpts from this novel are analyzed in terms of citation types and functions. The results reveal that citations are used more frequently by the writer in the novel in quotation marks, in italics, and indenting. They fulfill the didactic function, the apellative function, and the aesthetic function. A Man of the People is generally influenced by the political context which constitutes the plot of the prose. The citations portray a typical Nigerian socio-political context. The findings reveal that citations in the text are basically used to satirize, ridicule, and mock the political class and also show how politicians coax and persuade the masses with citations.
This study deals with Wole Soyinka’s two plays, A Dance of the Forests and Kongi’s Harvest with the aim is to show the use of allusions in the depiction of the glory and the decline of the African past. The two plays, from the same literary tradition enables us to explore Nigerian viewpoints of ancient and recent history. By appropriating the discussions of Gerard Genette, Michael Leddy, William Irwin, John Campbell and Allan Pasco on the use of allusion in literature, we argue that when the author refers to history in his works, he employs allusions to affirm or oppose certain notions. Wole Soyinka alludes to history to affirm the the glory of the African past and also to oppose to some of the other facts that prove the collapse of the African empires. Both plays implicitly utilise the glory and the collapse of African empires but each one employs these incidents according to the viewpoint and cultural background of its author. Hence, the different employment of history reveals contestations of worldviews which are symptomatic of the ideological clashes between the Africans among themselves, and the Europeans.
This study depicts the quensequences of the war in the poetry of Nigerien authors namely Wole Soyinka, Chinua Achebe and Gabriel Okara. From the application of the sociocritical and autobiographical approaches, it appears from the texts that commitment is part of a moral and political awareness that identifies the poet in relation to a community of reprobates, no doubt, but a community fighting for a new morality. These texts are circumscribed in a context of deprivation of freedom by loneliness in prison, the slow and long disintegration that the man undergoes plunged into the abyss of prison isolation, the tortures suffered, the soiled walls, the fetid odors exhaled by the prison, the triumph of truth over the undermining of a system of repression. Prison disorients, disarticulates and fragments the personality of the prisoner who seeks to survive physical and mental attacks. It goes without saying that these texts have an autobiographical dimension. Keywords: Consequence; Death; Mental annihilation; Deprivation of freedom.
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