In 2013, Peru initiated a reform process under the premise of recognizing the nature of health as a right that must be protected by the state. This reform aimed to improve health conditions through the elimination or reduction of restrictions preventing the full exercise of this right, and the consequent approach aimed to protect both individual and public health and rights within a framework characterized by strengthened stewardship and governance, which would allow system conduction and effective responses to risks and emergencies. The reform led to an increase in population health insurance coverage from 64% to 73%, with universalization occurring through the SIS affiliation of every newborn with no other protection mechanism. Health financing increased by 75% from 2011, and the SIS budget tripled from 570 to 1,700 million soles. From 2012 to May 2016, 168 health facilities have become operational, 51 establishments are nearing completion, and 265 new projects are currently under technical file and work continuity with an implemented investment of more than 7 billion soles. Additionally, this reform led to the approval of the Ministry of Health intervention for health emergencies and strengthened the health authority of the ministry to implement responses in case of risks or service discontinuity resulting from a lack of regional or local government compliance with public health functions.
The objective of this paper is to present the situational status of the National Health Research System of Peru (NHRS), the lessons learnt during the building process, the opportunities to improve it and the challenges. A description of the functions of the peruvian NHRS is done, in relation to governance, legal framework, research priorities, funding, creation and sustainability of resources and research production and utilization. It describes that in Peru we excert governance in research, we count with regulations, policy and research priorities, these last developed in the framework of a participatory, inclusive process. The conclusion reached is that the challenges of the peruvian NHRS are to consolidate the governance and to develop the mechanisms to articulate the stakeholders involved in research, to improve the resources allocation for research and innovation, to elaborate a plan for the development of human resources dedicated to research, to develop institutions and regional competences in order to perform research, and to link research in order to solve problems and make national research policies sustainable.
Peru has performed many efforts to identify national health research priorities since 1974 through processes historically planned based on expert opinions, with little impact. It was decided to generate a change in the management of research in order to overcome the weaknesses of the previous processes, applying a methodology with a participative and decentralized approach. In order to establish the regional and national research priorities of the key stakeholders, the Instituto Nacional de Salud (Peru) developed a process of citizenship consult through three phases i) advocacy and workshops in 20 regions; ii) a workshop for the analysis of the Concerted National Health Plan with 200 experts in Lima; iii) the national forum, with 500 representatives in 50 working tables. The research priorities of Peru for the period 2010- 2014 are: research to recognize the problems of health human resources, to recognize the mental health problems, impact evaluations of the social programs for reduction of children malnutrition, impact evaluation of social programs of the actual interventions in maternal mortality and operative research and impact evaluation of interventions in communicable diseases.
El Perú realizó varios esfuerzos por identificar prioridades nacionales de investigación en salud desde 1974 mediante procesos históricamente planificados con base en opiniones de expertos, con escaso impacto. Se decidió generar cambio en la gestión de la investigación para revertir las debilidades de los procesos anteriores, aplicando una metodología con enfoque participativo y descentralista. Para establecer prioridades regionales y nacionales de investigación enfocadas en los problemas sanitarios del país y promover el compromiso y participación de los actores clave, el Instituto Nacional de Salud desarrolló un proceso de consulta ciudadana en tres fases i) abogacía y talleres en 20 regiones; ii) un taller de análisis del Plan Nacional Concertado de Salud con 200 expertos en Lima; iii) el foro nacional, con 500 representantes en 50 mesas de trabajo. Las prioridades de investigación para el Perú en el periodo 2010-2014 son: investigaciones para conocer los problemas de los recursos humanos en salud y los problemas de salud mental; investigaciones para evaluar el impacto de los programas sociales en reducción de la desnutrición infantil, las intervenciones actuales en mortalidad materna e intervenciones en las enfermedades transmisibles; finalmente, investigaciones operativas en enfermedades transmisibles.
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