Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition that increases maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. It is diagnosed by new-onset increased blood pressure and proteinuria during gestation; for many years these markers were the sole targets for study. More recently, increased attention to the multisystemic nature of the syndrome with involvement of almost all organs, activation of coagulation and increased sensitivity to pressor agents has expanded understanding of the disorder. The epidemiology of preeclampsia, being more common in poor women, long ago suggested that nutrients might be involved in the disorder. Numerous conflicting hypotheses were advanced but the testing of these hypotheses has either been done poorly or not at all. Review of the available data indicates very few studies that provide useful insights. In many studies the syndrome is poorly defined and in most studies nutritional data (questionnaires or biomarkers) are obtained on women with the clinical syndrome. In overtly preeclamptic women it is impossible to decipher cause from effect. Nonetheless, current concepts of the genesis of preeclampsia that include endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory activation, oxidative stress and predisposing maternal factors provide targets for well-designed nutritional investigation. In this review the current concepts of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia are reviewed and available data are assessed in light of these concepts. Targets for nutritional investigation based on the current knowledge of pathophysiology are suggested.
Tungurahua province has conditions suitable for growing deciduous fruit trees such as peach (Prunus persica L). This research aimed to identify the main factors influencing the production of this fruit crop and their effect on farmers income. Surveys were carried out directly to peach farmers in seven counties of Tungurahua such as Ambato, Cevallos, Mocha, Patate, Pelileo, Píllaro and Tisaleo. The results indicated that the most relevant factors were: farmer age, sown area, fruit selection, reason for fruit growing, type of production and production issues.
KEYWORDS:Fruit crop, income, profitability, Prunus persica, yield.Factores que influyen en el ingreso de los productores de durazno en la provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador RESUMEN: La provincia de Tungurahua posee condiciones adecuadas para cultivar frutales caducifolios como el durazno (Prunus persica L.). Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los principales factores que influyen en la producción e inciden en la generación de ingresos económicos al agricultor. Encuestas fueron realizadas directamente a los productores de durazno en siete cantones de Tungurahua como son Ambato, Cevallos, Mocha, Patate, Pelileo, Píllaro y Tisaleo. Los resultados indicaron que los factores más relevantes fueron: edad del productor, superficie sembrada, selección de la fruta, razón para cultivar frutales, tipo de producción e inconvenientes de producción.
El género Rubus es uno de los más diversos en términos morfológicos y genéticos, presentando un amplio espectro de especies silvestres y cultivadas que son apetecidas por sus frutos comestibles. En Ecuador, el cultivo de mora (R. glaucus y Rubus sp.) está presente a lo largo del callejón interandino, entre 2000 y 3100 msnm. Este frutal es un rubro de importancia económica por su alta demanda para consumo en fresco y procesado. Esta investigación se ejecutó en la Granja Experimental Tumbaco del INIAP (Ecuador) con el objetivo de encontrar caracteres que permitan diferenciar morfológica, fenológica y pomológicamente cuatro cultivares de mora (Castilla, Andimora, Colombiana y Brazos). Mediante análisis multivariado se formaron tres conglomerados (C). Los cultivares Andimora y Colombiana (C3) no poseen espinas a diferencia de Castilla (C2) y Brazos (C1) que las tienen presentes. Colombiana fue el cultivar más precoz (161 días de brotación a cosecha) y Castilla el más tardío (186 días). Brazos presentó el mayor peso de fruto (5.85 g). Andimora alcanzó el mayor contenido de sólidos solubles (11.86 ºBrix) y tuvo frutos firmes. Los caracteres diferenciantes observados en este estudio permiten establecer parámetros de distinción entre los cultivares que son actualmente cultivados en el Ecuador.
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