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Waste arising from construction and demolition (C & D) constitutes one of the largest waste streams within the European Union (EU) and many other developed countries. Of this a large proportion of potentially useful material disposed of as landfill. The environmental and economic implications of this are no longer considered sustainable and, as a result, the construction industry is experiencing more pressure than ever before to overcome this practice. On the other hand, in recent years the wisdom of continued wholesale extraction and use of aggregates from natural resources has been questioned at an international level. This is mainly because of the depletion of quality primary aggregates and greater awareness of environmental protection. The results of an extensive experimental programme aimed at examining the performance of Portland-cement concrete produced with natural and coarse recycled aggregates are reported in this paper. The effects of up to 100% coarse recycled concrete aggregate on a range of fresh, engineering and durability properties have been established and assessed its suitability for use in a series of designated applications.

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