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The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of an anaerobic reactor of packed-bed and continuous flow, in relation to the biogas and methane production and the removal of organic load, from the wastewater of cassava starch extraction. For this purpose, were tested, in a reactor with a useful volume of 2.82 L and support mean of polypropylene filled with polyethylene foam, the organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.5, 5.0, 8.0 and 10.0 g L -1 d -1 . It was evaluated the removal of COD, the pH, the VA/TA ratio, the biogas and the methane production. It was concluded from this study that it is possible to produce biogas with methane percentages higher than 80% (maximum) and remove the organic load more than 90% under the tested conditions. In relation to stability, the reactor can be considered stable for the parameters, pH, the relationship between volatile acidity and total alkalinity and organic load removal. The best results in relation to the average volumetric biogas production (0.174 and 0.311 L g COD -1 ) were obtained for the higher organic loading rate (of 8 and 10 g L -1 d -1 , respectively) and the observed tendency is that with the increase of the organic loading rate, the specific biogas production will increase as well as the specific production of methane.

The hydrogen is a fuel with a high energy density. Studies have sought to verify the potential of different residues and configurations of reactors in the production of biohydrogen. This study evaluated the influence of the organic loading rate on the production of biohydrogen from cassava starch wastewater (CSW) in anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactors (AnSBBR) operated in a fed-batch. In the tests, the organic loading rates of 9.0; 13.5 and 18.0 gCT L-1 d-1 were used, at cycle times (CT) of 4; 4 and 2 h (tests I, II and III, respectively). The reactor was inoculated with sludge from a pilot anaerobic reactor used in the treatment of CSW, heat treated (heated at 90°C for 15 min). With the increase of the organic load (condition I to II) with the same cycle time (CT: 4 h), there were increases in the hydrogen molar productivity (PrM) and hydrogen yield in relation to applied total carbohydrate (RMCA) and removed (RMCR). However, with the increase in the organic loading rate in which the CT was reduced from 4 to 2 h (condition II to III), there was a decrease in PrM and RMCA and RMCR. The best performance of the reactor was verified in condition II (organic loading rate: 13.5 gTC L-1 d-1 ; CT: 4 h), in which the PrM was 35.8 molH2 m-3 d-1 and RMCA and RMCR were 2.24 and 3.67 molH2 kgTC-1 , respectively.

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Com o Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental é possível verificar quais as medidas necessárias para aprimorar os serviços púbicos do Município, podendo citar dentre tais serviços o abastecimento de água, esgoto sanitário, resíduos, controle de vetores e recursos hídricos. Se os mesmos tiverem um bom desempenho nestes serviços é possível afirmar que o município é salubre para sua população, o Município de Céu Azul – PR, de acordo com o estudo realizado, obteve-se o valor de 81,76 em seu Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental – ISA (em um máximo de 100), sendo classificado como salubre.

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Com o aumento da população mundial, as atividades agropecuárias tem se intensificado muito nos últimos anos. O Brasil possui uma extensa área de produção agrícola, sendo favorecido por condições propicias de cima, revelo para que muitas culturas se desenvolvam. O presente trabalho teve como intuito principal destacar algumas culturas e suas produções de biomassa, as quais podem ser transformados em fontes de energia. As culturas em destaque são: aveia preta, capim-braquiária, triticale, trigo, milho, canola e o centeio, as quais são classificadas como culturas intercalares de inverno, ou seja, podem ser produzidas intercaladas com outras culturas como a soja.