The physiological repair of osteochondral lesions requires the development of a scaffold that is compatible with the structure of the damaged tissue, cartilage and bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological performance of a PLDLA/PCL-T (90/10) scaffold for repairing osteochondral defects in rabbits. Polymeric scaffolds containing saccharose (75% w/v) were obtained by solvent casting and then implanted in the medial knee condyles of 12 New Zealand rabbits after osteochondral damage with a trephine metallic drill (diameter: 3.3 mm) in both medial femoral condyles. Each rabbit received the same treatment, i.e., the polymeric scaffold was implanted on the right side while no material was implanted on the left side (control). Four and 12 weeks later histological examination revealed bone neoformation in the implant group, with the presence of hyaline cartilage and mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, the control group showed bone neoformation with necrosis, exacerbated superficial fibrosis, inflammation and cracks in the neoformed tissue. These findings indicate that the PLDLA/PCL-T scaffold was biocompatible and protected the condyles by stabilizing the lesion and allowing subchondral bone tissue and hyaline cartilage formation.
The neonatal period, between the date of birth and twenty-eighth days after birth, is a time when parents face many doubts and anxiety. Even previous experiences are not enough to avoid or diminish parental anxiety. Therefore, parents commonly take their newborns to emergency units to care for simple health disorders. Despite reassuring the parents, this custom can be harmful to the newborns because they get exposed to a wide pathogen circulation environment. Since immunity from vaccination is still not complete, as well as due to the age-specific immunodeficiency, this behavior is risky to the newborns. The study aims to reduce the newborns' care flow to emergency units using educational interventions in maternity wards. Methodology: This is a descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study, that evaluate the impacts of an educational intervention done by pediatricians, in the municipal maternity of Salto de Pirapora, in the Brazilian countryside. It is based in individual questionnaires, applied before the educational intervention to 99 mothers and newborns' accompanying parties, in order to understand the most frequent concerns about the main health problems during the neonatal period. A dialogical educative intervention was done in the maternity regarding how and when the newborn should be taken to an emergency unit. The same mothers answered an intervention evaluation questionnaire after the neonatal period; the data of newborns' care flow towards emergency units before and after the intervention was also compared. The results show that there was a reduction on the emergency services demand. The proportion of patients going to the emergency room was 36.7% on the last year and 30.56% two years before the intervention. The reduction reached about 12.33% after the intervention, an average reduction of 21.3%. The biggest concerns of the participants were: fever 65.63%, choking or suffocating 39.58% and constant crying 33.33%.
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