The article presents materials on optimizing the conditions for growing pike-perch during the larval period of development in an artificially created environment. The problems associated with the complexity of embryonic and post-embryonic development, the transition of larvae from endogenous to exogenous food, their rearing on artificial feed, and the causes of cannibalism have been described. The goal was to obtain and analyze the results of growing pike-perch larvae in conditions of closed water supply using living organisms as starter feed. The results of a study of the reproduction of pike-perch in industrial conditions of the aqua complex of the Coastal Scientific Expeditionary Base “Kagalnik” of the SSC RAS (Rostov Region, Azov District) are presented, describes the results of rearing pike-perch larvae in a recirculating aquaculture system. The values of the main hydrochemical parameters of the environment in fish tanks, necessary to ensure the normal growth and development of pike-perch larvae, as well as the characteristics of growth and survival during the experiments, are given. As a result, biotechnical standards for the reproduction of pike-perch by the intensive method have been developed. For high survival of pike-perch larvae, it is necessary to ensure timely feeding of larvae – after filling the swim bladder and switching to active feeding. The diet should be varied in terms of species composition of zooplankton. To prevent cannibalism among farmed fish, it is important to maintain the hydrochemical parameters at an optimal level, and the presence of food organisms in the fish tank is also necessary.
The article outlines studying the interaction of water with the primary membranes of fish eggs as a signal for their restructuring, which is important for developing the cryopreservation techniques. The reproductive cells of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758) obtained during the spawning campaign served as the object of research. Water as a main activator of the functions of fish reproductive cells contacting with primary membranes of eggs (two yellows and one surface jelly-like) triggers a mechanism that changes the structure and functional activity of eggs, stimulates the preparation of eggs for fertilization, provoking the rearrangement of organelles and changes in the membranes. The latter are activated contacting with water and, regardless of the fact of fertilization, acquire various properties (stickiness, buoyancy, increased strength) necessary for the further development of embryos, depending on the conditions of incubation. Changes in the properties of the membranes are stipulated by the presence of certain fatty acids, further chemical transformations of which are the main factor of their changes, according to the biology of reproduction.
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