Changes in educational paradigms are directly connected with changes in educational goals, attitudes towards the organisation of educational process and teaching and learning methods. At present, methods stimulating students’ activities are applied to various topics and cycles in natural sciences classes, when students with special educational needs are educated in inclusive or segregated environments. Modern stimulating methods are very different, and some of them are of a particular importance while educating students with special educational needs to reveal the content of natural science classes. These include discussions, group work, project activities, concepts and definition scheme, pair work, structured notes. Stimulating methods are attractive for the students, to those with moderate and severe learning difficulties among them, when they correspond to their abilities. These methods make the process of education more varied, they provide conditions for better learning for students with various abilities, they help the students to apply their knowledge and educate them. Key words: lower high school, natural science education, students with special educational needs, modern methods stimulating students’ activities.
The aim of the present research is to examine the attitudes of students with special ed-ucational needs (SEN) towards the study subject of “The World Around Us” and educational environment. Research subjects were 370 mainstream primary school students. Primary school students more often like than dislike the examined subject. Preferred activities during classes are a conversation, group work and games; however, even in the pre-ferred activities the students with SEN participated less often. The majority of the students like the topics about nature, plants and animals, while in the sphere of social environment they are more interested in the topics about the past and traditions, about their native land and foreign countries. The research demonstrated that provided with comprehensive and sin-cere support, students with different kinds of SEN can take an active part in the lessons and in extra activities, they are able to work next to their peers. Key words: attitudes, students with special educational needs (SEN), study subject “The World Around Us”, educational process and environment.
When students with special educational needs (SEN) started to be educated in inclusive classrooms of the mainstream school, some issues concerning the organisation of the process of (self) education in the subject World Study came to the fore. The present research aims at revealing the views of mainstream primary school teachers on the difficulties of preparation for the classes on World Study and the process of organisation of (self) education, when students with SEN are educated in the same classroom. 62 mainstream primary school teachers took part in the research. The survey was conducted on the basis of a special questionnaire. It was established that half of the research participants expressed the opinion that they experience difficulties in preparing for the World Study classes in inclusive classrooms. The difficulties are in adapting the content of education, in the choice of teaching aids and methods, in preparing tasks for independent study. The difficulties caused by the preparation for World Study in inclusive classrooms, in teachers’ opinion, are related more to the education of different ability students, provision of individual support, combining teaching methods, giving attention to the student and stimulation of motivation. It is more difficult to give attention to every student with the greater number of students with SEN. The process of education is also made more difficult due to the fact that students with SEN are seldom active and very rarely can work independently. Key words: primary school teachers, students with special educational needs (SEN), inclusive education, world study.
The transformation of the classical school into a humanistic one, which started in the last decade of the 20th century, has accelerated a lot in the present century. How did the content and the process of natural sciences education change for students with special educational needs (SEN)? The research reviews documents, research literature and textbooks for students with SEN; it deals with the issues of organizing the process and content of their education and self-education. Adapted natural science textbooks for primary and high school are suitable for students with learning difficulties, disorders or mild learning difficulties. Textbooks for students with SEN partly satisfy the needs of these students. However, it would be useful to write natural science textbooks of a lower degree of difficulty for the students whose SEN are big or very big due to the moderate learning difficulties. Research carried out in the process of natural sciences (self-) education enables to make images directly, while students understand and start using the concepts in various contexts through action during the experiment, through observation and performing practical tasks. Keywords: students with special educational needs (SEN), natural sciences education, the process of (self-) education, textbooks.
The paper reviews research carried out between 2009 and 2010. The research was aimed at revealing the following: 1) opinions of primary mainstream school students on the subject World Study and educational environment; 2) opinions of primary school teachers on preparation for classes in the subject World Study and difficulties in organising the process of teaching and learning in the classroom with SEN students. 370 primary school students and 62 primary mainstream school teachers participated in the research. The research was carried out by means of a questionnaire. Primary school students said that they rather liked the subject World Study than disliked it. Students with a greater degree of SEN have a lower interest in the surrounding world. Most students, those with SEN among them, evaluated their studies of the subject positively, while a small part of the students, those with SEN among them, expressed a negative opinion about their work. Activities most preferred by the students during the classes are discussions, experiments, group work, and games; however, students with SEN less often participate in even their favourable activities. It was established that half of the teachers who participated in the research expressed an opinion that they experienced difficulties in preparing for the classes on World Study for the inclusive classrooms; these are difficulties in choosing teaching aids and methods, preparing tasks for independent work. The process of education in inclusive classrooms, in teachers’ opinion, poses difficulties which are more connected with coordination of education of different ability students, providing individual support, attentiveness to the child and stimulation of motivation. It is more difficult to be attentive to every child when the number of students with SEN is greater. The process of teaching the subject is also made more difficult by the fact that students with SEN are rarely active and cannot work independently. Keywords: primary school teachers, special educational needs (SEN), mainstream school, inclusive education, World Study, educational process.
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