Aguas subterráneas, humedales y servicios ecosistémicos en ColombiaGroundwater, wetlands and ecosystem services in Colombia ResumenA raíz de los efectos del ENSO (2010ENSO ( -2011, en Colombia se emprendió, entre otras iniciativas, el proyecto de generación de insumos técnicos para la delimitación de ecosistemas estratégicos de páramos y humedales. Algunos de estos ecosistemas están relacionados con las aguas subterráneas al intercambiar aportes en zonas de recarga, tránsito o descarga de acuíferos. En épocas lluviosas los humedales contribuyen a la regulación de caudales y en tiempo de sequía se mantienen gracias al agua que les llega desde el subsuelo. Algunas acciones humanas sobre el terreno o los acuíferos ponen en riesgo sus funciones y servicios y la de los ecosistemas relacionados. En el marco del convenio No. 15-13-014-068 CE entre el Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt y la Universidad de Antioquia, quedó manifiesta la interconexión entre humedales y aguas subterráneas en Colombia. A partir de la información disponible se identificaron catorce humedales relacionados con sistemas hidrogeológicos, para una primera caracterización de los servicios ecosistémicos con base en ejercicios de superposición cartográfica y en el estado y tendencia de los principales factores de cambio. Se identifica en este estudio el estado y tendencia tanto de los servicios ecosistémicos como de los factores de cambio resaltando los aspectos más importantes encontrados en los catorce humedales analizados. Es importante resaltar que se deben aunar esfuerzos para integrar y hacer coherente la formulación y aplicación de medidas de manejo y protección desde los Planes Ambientales referidos al agua y su biodiversidad, incluyendo tanto humedales como acuíferos.Palabras clave. Adaptación. Gestión del riesgo. Interacción acuífero humedal. Tránsito y descarga. Zonas de recarga. AbstractBecause of the effects of ENSO (2010ENSO ( -2011, a new project was undertaken in Colombia, among other initiatives, to generate technical inputs for the delimitation of strategic ecosystems of mountaintop moors and wetlands. Some of these ecosystems are related to groundwater when they exchange flows in recharge, transit and discharge zones of the aquifers. In wet periods the wetlands contribute to the regulation of river flow and in dry periods they maintain flow due to the contributions from aquifers. Some human actions on land or on the aquifers can put their functions and services to their related ecosystems at risk. The interconnection between wetlands and groundwater in Colombia was revealed as a result of the mutual collaboration agreement No. 15-13-014-068 CE between the Institute Alexander von Humboldt and the University of Antioquia. From the information available, fourteen wetlands' interactions with groundwater were identified, to make a first DOI: 10.21068/c2017.v18n01a1 2 Biota Colombiana 18 (1) -2017 Betancur-Vargas et al. characterization of their ecosystem services based on cartographic overl...
Depth to groundwater (DTG), the depth measured from the terrain surface to the groundwater table, is essential to identify groundwater availability and groundwater-surface water interactions (Fan et al., 2013). Groundwater can influence the landscape, acting as a discharge system feeding the tributaries that support streams (Margat & van der Gun, 2013), creating water-logged soil conditions that define wetland ecosystems, and supplying water to the root zone to maintain plant photosynthetic activity (Lewandowski et al., 2019). The landscape also influences groundwater as groundwater flow is often related to topography.
Students with disabilities (SWDs) are disproportionately at-risk for bullying victimization and perpetration, yet there is a lack of educator-focused professional development targeting prevention for these students. This project sought to address gaps in training through the creation of four online professional development modules: (1) understanding bullying among SWDs, (2) examining risk characteristics, (3) establishing school and classroom prevention strategies, and (4) individual prevention. These modules were iteratively developed with feedback from teachers and staff, incorporating the Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) framework to focus on interventions rooted in social emotional learning (SEL), and emphasizing the importance of prevention for SWDs.
Global demand for vegetable oil and high oil palm yield have driven the rapid expansion of oil palm plantations in tropical countries. The research literature widely recognizes the effects of forest cover conversion into oil palm on biodiversity, deforestation, and carbon dynamics. However, research on the ecohydrological impacts of oil palm plantations is sparse, despite studies indicating that oil palm development may reshape land-water interactions and the availability and movement of water at different spatial and temporal scales. We address this gap by conducting a systematic literature review on oil palm development and its relation to ecohydrological processes. We found 139 relevant papers up to the year 2021, addressing different ecohydrological processes related to oil palm. We reviewed their spatiotemporal scales, geographic distribution, oil palm species and age, and the effects of land conversion from forest, cropland, and pastures. We also incorporated societal aspects regarding community perceptions of water. Our review highlights the effects of oil palm plantations on three main components of the water cycle: i) land-atmosphere, ii) fluvial systems, and iii) soils and groundwater. Most studies include analyses of the Indo-Malayan and Australasian biogeographical regions (113), followed by the Neotropics (49) and the Afrotropics (15). Compared to rainforests, oil palm monocultures are warmer and drier. They have higher evapotranspiration rates, lower runoff regulation and infiltration capacity, and lower soil organic carbon. Although less often implemented, alternative oil palm management practices, including oil palm agroforestry, can help to mitigate some of these effects. Forest to oil palm conversion is the most studied land transition, while conversions from croplands, pastures, and grasslands are less studied. Overall, we identify gaps in understanding the long-term effects of management on ecohydrological processes under different land conversions, especially in the Neotropics and the Afrotropics, precluding research-informed policy to manage impacts of this expanding crop.
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