Swines raised in intensive systems are highly susceptible to claw lesions. Moderate to severe lesions trigger an inflammatory response, causing pain and impairing reproductive and economic performance. Foot lesions in sows can cause considerable losses owing to reduced fertility and herd longevity. Proper diagnosis is an important step in correcting this problem; however, the seriousness of the impact of these lesions on swine herds remains unclear to most farm owners. Health monitoring has become an essential tool for veterinarians because it enables the detection of disease incidence and severity. In this study, we assessed claw lesions in sows reared under an intensive system to ascertain the prevalence and severity of lesions in Brazilian herds. The hind limb claws of 2,660 sows from 30 farms were examined for the following lesions: heel overgrowth and erosion (HOE), heel-sole cracks, white line lesions (WL), horizontal and vertical cracks in the toe wall, overgrown toes, and overgrown or missing dew claws. Claws were classified as normal (score = 0), mild (score = 1), moderate (score = 2), or severe (score = 3). At least one type of lesion was observed in 99.1% of the sows, whereas 29.7% displayed severe lesions. HOE was the most common lesion (89.9% of sows) and severe WL was observed in 16.8% of the sows. Lesions increased in prevalence and severity with parity, except for WL In young females, lesions on the volar surface were more common than those on cracked walls or overgrown toes, which should be considered when selecting gilts for breeding. A high prevalence of claw lesions was observed in Brazilian sows. Monitoring of these lesions is fast and simple. Regular monitoring provides information on claw health in a herd over time, allowing us to take measures to control and treat claw lesions, avoiding worsening of the problem, early culling of animals, and the associated productive and economic losses.

Resumo A membrana espermática é rica em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, o que a torna sensível à ação de espécies reativas de oxigênio, que podem prejudicar a qualidade seminal dos cachaços. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de duas fontes de selênio em diferentes doses. Trinta e cinco cachaços foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: (INOR30) 0,30 ppm de selenito de sódio; (COMP30) 0,30 ppm de metal-aminoácido de selênio; (MISTO15+15) 0,15 ppm de selenito de sódio + 0,15 ppm de metal-aminoácido de selênio e (COMP15) 0,15 ppm de metal-aminoácido de selênio. Os ejaculados dos cachaços foram avaliados durante 22 semanas, resultando em 210 amostras avaliadas para volume, motilidade, pH, presença de aglutinação e alterações morfológicas, e 140 amostras para concentração espermática. Os dados foram analisados com medidas repetidas no tempo em modelo misto, em que o tipo de suplementação de selênio, os períodos de avaliação (um período de duas semanas + cinco períodos de quatro semanas) e suas interações foram os efeitos fixos, e o animal e o funcionário que coletou os ejaculados foram os efeitos aleatórios. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram não haver diferença na suplementação de selênio com as fontes e doses utilizadas. Com isso, foi possível verificar que o metal-aminoácido de selênio na dose de 0,15 ppm promove o mesmo efeito das dietas formuladas com 0,30 ppm de selenito de sódio.

The spermatic membrane is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which makes it sensitive to the action of reative species of oxygen, which can damage the seminal quality of the scraps. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of two selenium sources at different doses. Third five scraps were allocated in four groups: (INOR30) 0.30 ppm sodium selenite; (COMP30) 0.30 ppm selenium metal-amino acid; (MIXED15+15) 0.15 ppm sodium selenite + 0.15 ppm selenium metal-amino acid and (COMP15) 0.15 ppm selenium metal-amino acid. The ejaculates of the scraps were evaluated over 22 weeks, resulting in 210 samples evaluated for volume, motility, pH, presence of agglutination and morphological changes, and 140 samples for spermatic concentration. The data was analyzed with repeated measures in time in a mixed model with type of selenium supplementation, periods of evaluation (one period of two weeks + five periods of four weeks) and their interactions as fixed effects, and animal and the worker that collected the ejaculates as random effects. Results showed no difference in selenium supplementation with the sources and doses used. In this way, it was possible to verify that the metal amino acid of selenium at the dose of 0.15 ppm promotes the same effect as the diets formulated with 0.30 ppm of sodium selenite.