O estudo avaliou ansiedade e qualidade de vida (QV) entre estudantes universitários ingressantes da área da saúde de uma universidade pública (estudo 1). Com base nos resultados, um programa de intervenção grupal foi desenvolvido (estudo 2). A intervenção consistiu de 8 sessões de 90 min. Em duas sessões foi utilizado um instrumento de biofeedback de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca. Os participantes foram avaliados pelo Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) e pelo questionário que avalia qualidade de vida (QV) SF-36. As mulheres universitárias, independentemente do curso, apresentaram maior ansiedade e pior pontuação em diferentes domínios de mensuração da QV. Os homens do curso de educação física apresentaram melhores escores em diferentes domínios da QV. A intervenção reduziu significativamente a ansiedade e melhorou a saúde mental dos participantes. Estes dados reafirmam a importância do desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção psicoterápica na universidade.

Background Neurons in the supragranular layers of the somatosensory cortex integrate sensory (bottom-up) and cognitive/perceptual (top-down) information as they orchestrate communication across cortical columns. It has been inferred, based on intracellular recordings from juvenile animals, that supragranular neurons are electrically mature by the fourth postnatal week. However, the dynamics of the neuronal integration in adulthood is largely unknown. Electrophysiological characterization of the active properties of these neurons throughout adulthood will help to address the biophysical and computational principles of the neuronal integration. Findings Here, we provide a database of whole-cell intracellular recordings from 315 neurons located in the supragranular layers (L2/3) of the primary somatosensory cortex in adult mice (9–45 weeks old) from both sexes (females, N = 195; males, N = 120). Data include 361 somatic current-clamp (CC) and 476 voltage-clamp (VC) experiments, recorded using a step-and-hold protocol (CC, N = 257; VC, N = 46), frozen noise injections (CC, N = 104) and triangular voltage sweeps (VC, 10 (N = 132), 50 (N = 146) and 100 ms (N = 152)), from regular spiking (N = 169) and fast-spiking neurons (N = 66). Conclusions The data can be used to systematically study the properties of somatic integration and the principles of action potential generation across sexes and across electrically characterized neuronal classes in adulthood. Understanding the principles of the somatic transformation of postsynaptic potentials into action potentials will shed light onto the computational principles of intracellular information transfer in single neurons and information processing in neuronal networks, helping to recreate neuronal functions in artificial systems.

O treinamento em biofeedback tem sido utilizado para o tratamento de diferentes quadros clínicos e para a prevenção/alívio de sintomas relacionados ao estresse/ansiedade. Este trabalho analisou a literatura de 2008 a 2012 sobre o tema "biofeedback, estresse e ansiedade" publicada nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS e Web of Sciences, utilizando como palavras-chave "biofeedback", "anxiety", "stress", "psychology" e "biofeedback training". Os resultados demonstram que técnicas de biofeedback são eficazes no manejo do estresse/ansiedade nas diferentes populações estudadas. Entretanto, todos os estudos encontrados foram realizados fora do Brasil, o que sugere que técnicas de biofeedback como ferramenta terapêutica não tem sido utilizadas no país, por algum motivo que merece ser melhor investigado.

denotes equal contribution; Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to celikel@neurophysiology.nl Magnetic neuromodulation has outstanding promise for the development of novel neural interfaces without direct physical intervention with the brain. Here we tested the utility of Magneto in the adult somatosensory cortex by performing whole-cell intracellular recordings in vitro and extracellular recordings in freely moving mice. Results show that magnetic stimulation does not alter subthreshold membrane excitability or contribute to the generation of action potentials in virally transduced neurons expressing Magneto. Recently introduced Magneto (Wheeler et al., 2016) might provide the highly sought after neuromagnetic actuation in a cell-targeted manner. Some of the excitement about Magneto originates from its design which is comprised of a calcium-permeable non-selective cation channel (Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4, TRPV4) fused to the paramagnetic protein ferritin (Wheeler et al., 2016) . This single-construct approach provides a simplified mean for magnetic intervention with neuronal activity.Here, we used lentiviral delivery of Magneto linked to mCherry (Magneto2.0-P2A-mCherry), expressed under the control of ubiquitin promoter for >2 weeks (Fig.1a) before observing and interfering with neural activity (see Methods online), and after confirming successful cleavage of Magneto from mCherry (Suppl. Fig.2a-3) and the subcellular analysis of the expressed protein localization (Suppl. Fig.2b) in a neuronal cell line . Chronic extracellular recordings in freely moving mice (Allen et al., 2003;Celikel et al., 2004;Clem et al., 2008) with 15 tetrodes enabled high-density sampling of neural activity in the vicinity of transduced cells, and yielded well-isolated (Suppl. Fig.4) , stable units (Fig.1b) . Comparison of firing rates within cells across magnetic stimulus conditions (off vs on) showed that magnetic stimulation does not alter the rate of action potentials (APs; Fig.1c ); neither does it modulate the inter-spike interval within cells, nor spike-timing across single units recorded from the same tetrode (Suppl. Fig.5,6) . The lack of spiking was not because neurons could not

Magnetic neuromodulation has outstanding promise for the development of novel neural interfaces without direct physical intervention with the brain. Here we tested the utility of Magneto in the adult somatosensory cortex by performing whole-cell intracellular recordings in vitro and extracellular recordings in freely moving mice. Results show that magnetic stimulation does not alter subthreshold membrane excitability or contribute to the generation of action potentials in virally transduced neurons expressing Magneto.Recently introduced Magneto (Wheeler et al., 2016) might provide the highly sought after neuromagnetic actuation in a cell-targeted manner. Some of the excitement about Magneto originates from its design which is comprised of a calcium-permeable non-selective cation channel (Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4, TRPV4) fused to the paramagnetic protein ferritin (Wheeler et al., 2016) . This single-construct approach provides a simplified mean for magnetic intervention with neuronal activity.Here, we used lentiviral delivery of Magneto linked to mCherry (Magneto2.0-P2A-mCherry), expressed under the control of ubiquitin promoter for >2 weeks (Fig. 1a) before observing and interfering with neural activity (see Methods online), and after confirming successful cleavage of Magneto from mCherry (Suppl.Fig. 2a-3) and the subcellular analysis of the expressed protein localization (Suppl.Fig. 2b) in a neuronal cell line . Chronic extracellular recordings in freely moving mice (Allen et al., 2003; Celikel et al., 2004; Clem et al., 2008) with 15 tetrodes enabled high-density sampling of neural activity in the vicinity of transduced cells, and yielded well-isolated (Suppl.Fig. 4) , stable units (Fig. 1b) . Comparison of firing rates within cells across magnetic stimulus conditions (off vs on) showed that magnetic stimulation does not alter the rate of action potentials (APs; Fig. 1c ); neither does it modulate the inter-spike interval within cells, nor spike-timing across single units recorded from the same tetrode (Suppl.Fig. 5,6) . The lack of spiking was not because neurons could not 1

250/250 words)Background : Neurons in the supragranular layers of the somatosensory cortex integrate sensory (bottom-up) and cognitive/perceptual (top-down) information as they orchestrate communication across cortical columns. It has been inferred, based on intracellular recordings from juvenile animals, that supragranular neurons are electrically mature by the fourth postnatal week. However, the dynamics of the neuronal integration in the adulthood is largely unknown. Electrophysiological characterization of the active properties of these neurons throughout adulthood will help to address the biophysical and computational principles of the neuronal integration.Findings : Here we provide a database of whole-cell intracellular recordings from 315 neurons located in the supragranular layers (L2/3) of the primary somatosensory cortex in adult mice (9-45 weeks old) from both sexes (females, N=195; males, N=120). Data include 361 somatic current-clamp (CC) and 476 voltage-clamp (VC) experiments, recorded using a step-and-hold protocol (CC, N=257; VC, N=46), frozen noise injections (CC, N=104) and triangular voltage sweeps (VC, 10 (N=132), 50 (N=146) and 100 ms (N=152)), from regular spiking (N=169) and fast-spiking neurons (N=66).Conclusions : The data can be used to systematically study the properties of somatic integration, and the principles of action potential generation across sexes and across electrically characterized neuronal classes in adulthood. Understanding the principles of the somatic transformation of postsynaptic potentials into action potentials will shed light onto the computational principles of intracellular information transfer in single neurons and information processing in neuronal networks, helping to recreate neuronal functions in artificial systems.

Optical (fluorescence) imaging of ionic dynamics has revolutionized neuroscience as it allows the study of neural activity across spatially identified populations. Quantification of fluorescence signals is commonly performed using ratiometric measures, like the ΔF/F. Although these measures are robust and easy to implement, they do not take advantage of the temporal information available in time-varying signals. Moreover, since a baseline (reference) period needs to be selected, their application is often limited to the quantification of stimulus-evoked activity. Here, we present a new approach, called ARES, based on the quantification of residuals after linear autoregression. We demonstrate the utility of ARES to quantify the functional dynamics of stimulus representation in cortical networks and show that it improves the spatial and temporal resolution with respect to ΔF/F. We further show that ARES can be used to study subcellular calcium dynamics and exemplify its utility to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium signal localization in compartmental network recordings. ARES offers a novel method for quantitative analysis of optical imaging data