In patients with chronic kidney disease, forearm exercise increased blood flow and vessel diameters. This may be beneficial before vascular access formation.
A 1-year-old intact male Boxer was presented to the Texas Veterinary Medical Center for emergency treatment following suspected ingestion of a large number of tablets of Adderall, a pharmaceutical amphetamine. The dog had a temperature of 41.7 degrees C, heart rate of 192 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 100 breaths per minute. The dog was anxious and agitated with bilaterally dilated pupils, and shortly thereafter became recumbent and incontinent. Initial CBC results included mild leukopenia and mild thrombocytopenia. The dog was not anemic (HCT 39.9%) and had only slight polychromasia, but had 48 nucleated RBCs/100 WBC (7500/microL). Moderate numbers of neutrophils had hypersegmented nuclei and several pyknotic cells were noted. The metarubricytosis persisted for approximately 56 hours while hypersegmentation and pyknotic cells were no longer found at 8 hours after presentation. The dog received supportive care and recovered uneventfully. We hypothesized that hyperpyrexia associated with Adderall toxicity resulted in inappropriate metarubricytosis due to damaged bone marrow endothelium, and resulted in hypersegmentation and pyknosis due to damaged or accelerated aging of neutrophils in peripheral blood. Metarubricytosis has been reported previously in dogs with heat-induced illness, such as heat stroke.
Because of the morphologic similarity of the large piroplasm detected in dogs in North Carolina to B canis, molecular testing of large piroplasms detected in dogs is needed to definitively identify the infective Babesia sp. In the dog of this report, the infection was not eliminated following treatment with imidocarb diproprionate, which may have been a result of the immunocompromised state of the dog or the drug's ineffectiveness against this parasite. If imidocarb diproprionate is ineffective against the North Carolina Babesia sp, treated dogs may act as reservoirs of infection.
Many compounds affect the cellularity of hematolymphoid organs including bone marrow. Toxicologic pathologists are tasked with their evaluation as part of safety studies. An artificial intelligence (AI) tool could provide diagnostic support for the pathologist. We looked at the ability of a deep-learning AI model to evaluate whole slide images of macaque sternebrae to identify and enumerate bone marrow hematopoietic cells. The AI model was trained and able to differentiate the hematopoietic cells from the other sternebrae tissues. We compared the model to severity scores in a study with decreased hematopoietic cellularity. The mean cells/mm2 from the model was lower for each increase in severity score. The AI model was trained by 1 pathologist, providing proof of concept that AI model generation can be fast and agile, without the need of a cross disciplinary team and significant effort. We see great potential for the role of AI-based bone marrow screening.
Abstract. Hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy in a cloned American Quarter horse foal was initially associated with placental insufficiency and exacerbated by protracted hypotension during anesthesia for a surgical procedure. The foal, born at the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, was diagnosed at birth with neonatal maladjustment syndrome that was accompanied by dysmaturity, muscle contracture of the front limbs, and a blood clot within the lumen of the urinary bladder. Seizures that developed after anesthesia were attributed to hypoxia/ischemia during anesthesia and culminated in death. Macroscopically, the cerebrum had flattened cerebral gyri with shallow sulci, yellowish cortical discoloration, and apple-green autofluorescence (under 365-nm ultraviolet light) at the cortical/white matter junction. Microscopically, there was laminar cortical necrosis with prominent diffuse ischemic change of neuronal cell bodies. The white matter had prominent rarefaction with focal axonal and myelin degeneration and focal macrophage (gitter cell) accumulation. Additionally, there was astrocytic hypertrophy with gemistocyte formation. The chorioallantois was diffusely thickened in the area corresponding to the uterine horns. Histologically, microcotyledons were markedly attenuated with absence of chorionic villi.Key words: Clone; horses; hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy; neonatal maladjustment syndrome.Hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) developed in a cloned, newborn American Quarter horse foal and was exacerbated by anesthesia. The lesions that resulted exemplify the problems that can occur after attempted surgical intervention in foals with neonatal maladjustment syndrome (NMS).A pregnant mare from a research colony at Texas A&M University was transferred to the Texas Veterinary Medical Center to undergo supervised delivery of an American Quarter horse foal cloned from fibroblasts of a gelding. The mare foaled at a normal gestation of 352 days and the delivery was uneventful and minimally assisted. The placenta was collected immediately and submitted for gross and histologic evaluation. The 45-kg male foal was born weak with no suckle reflex, and was suspected to have NMS. An arterial blood gas and serum biochemistry panel performed shortly after birth revealed a moderately decreased PO 2 of 59 mm Hg (reference interval, 85-95 mm Hg), markedly increased lactate concentration of 198.3 mg/dl (reference interval, 0.36-18.4 mg/dl), and markedly decreased bicarbonate concentration of 11.1 mEq/L (reference interval, 24-30 mEq/L). The anion gap was moderately increased at 26 (reference interval, 9-15), and was most consistent with the increase in lactate. The results were compatible with an increased anion gap/metabolic acidosis most likely resulting from hypoxia and poor perfusion. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a large blood clot in the urinary bladder and a slightly enlarged umbilical vein. Radiographically, the left carpus and left tarsus had incomplete ossification of the cuboidal bones; muscle contracture involved bo...
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