Objective To determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among members of an Ethiopian occupational cohort; and to examine the proportion of adults who were aware of their conditions. Methods A total of 2,153 of subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization STEPwise approach for non-communicable diseases was used to collect socio-demographic data, blood pressure measures and blood samples from participants. Prevalence estimates for hypertension and diabetes were determined separately. The 95% confidence intervals for prevalence estimates were also determined. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 19.1% (95%CI: 17.1–20.8) and 22% (95%CI: 20.2–23.8) and 14.9% (95%CI: 13.4–16.4) among men and women respectively. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 6.5%(95%CI: 5.4–7.6) and 6.4%(95%CI: 5.0–7.8) and 6.6%(95%CI: 4.8–8.4) among men and women correspondingly. Notably, 15% of hypertensives reported never having had their blood pressure checked prior to the present study examination. Approximately 45% of participants who had their blood pressure checked were never diagnosed with hypertension, but were found to be hypertensive in our study. Approximately 27% of newly diagnosed diabetics (during this study) reported never having a previous blood glucose test. Among those who had their blood glucose assessed prior to this study, 17.4% were found to have diabetes but were never diagnosed. Conclusion The high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes reported in our study confirms findings from other Sub Saharan Africa countries, and extends the literature to urban dwelling Ethiopians where non-communicable diseases are emerging as a major public health concern.

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Human adipose stromal cells (ASCs) reside within the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) in fat tissue, can be readily isolated, and include stem-like cells that may be useful for therapy. An important consideration for clinical application and functional studies of stem/progenitor cells is their capacity to maintain chromosome stability in culture. In this study, cultured ASC populations and ASC clones were evaluated at intervals for maintenance of chromosome stability. Uncultured SVF (uSVF) cells were included for comparison. G-banded chromosome analysis demonstrated that ASCs are diploid and have a normal karyotype. However since only ~20 cells are examined, low levels of chromosome instability would not be detected. To increase detection sensitivity, fl uorescence in situ hybridization was employed, to permit chromosome enumeration in larger numbers of interphase cells. Seven cultured ASC populations, two ASC clones and four uSVF samples were examined. Chromosome X and 17 probes identifi ed diploid, tetraploid, and aneuploid interphase cells. Both cultured ASC populations [up to ~35 Population Doublings (PDs)] and uSVF cells exhibited a similar level of diploidy (97.8% n = 6,355 and 98.83% n = 1,197, respectively) and numerical abnormalities, suggesting that cultured ASCs are genomically stable and supporting their suitability for transplantation applications. In comparison, cultured primary human chorionic villus cells exhibited marked genomic instability resulting in an 11.6% tetraploidy rate after 8-10 PD. Thus effects of culture on genomic stability may be cell type dependent and should be tested by appropriately scaled interphase fl uorescence in situ hybridization analysis in any ex vivo expanded cell population destined for transplantation.

A significant amount of MCC is present with direct analysis of the initial few milliliters of amniotic fluid withdrawn and is not influenced by the volume of the discard sample. Our results suggest that the first few milliliters of amniotic fluid be removed and discarded when direct analysis is utilized for prenatal genetic testing.

Topic Targeted temperature management and therapeutic hypothermia are essential components of the multimodal approach to caring for compromised patients after cardiac arrest and severe traumatic brain injury. Clinical Relevance The continuously evolving science necessitates summation of individual facets and concepts to enhance knowledge and application for optimally delivering care. Targeted temperature management is a complex therapy that requires fine-tuning the most effective interventions to maintain high-quality targeted temperature management and maximize patient outcomes. Purpose To describe the underlying pathophysiology of fever and the importance of manipulating water temperature and of preventing and treating shivering during that process. Content Covered This article discusses nursing considerations regarding the care of patients requiring targeted temperature management that are necessary to improve patient outcomes.