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In early nineteenth century New Zealand the arrival of missionaries and whalers initiated two different kinds of European relationships with indigenous Maori, which impacted on the indigenous landscape. This paper examines the details of Maori and European interaction at Te Puna, in the Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand. At Te Puna there is evidence for Maori agricultural intensification and fortification, and early European missionary villages, deserted by the mid-nineteenth century.My methods combine historical archaeology and an anthropological approach to history to re-examine the landscape, inhabitants, and events of early nineteenth century cultural interaction through an analysis of the archaeological record and historic accounts and images. Cultural landscapes are examined in regard to key themes: Maori concepts of mana and tapu, evidence for cultivation, and European and Maori perceptions of the colonial era at this place.
This paper explores the themes and tensions of class and propriety at one of New Zealand's early European settlements, a Church Missionary Society mission in the Bay of Islands. Archaeological investigations at the site of the Te Puna mission house revealed a cellar containing, among other articles, items connected with domesticity and feminine concerns, demonstrating the presence of womenand their daily activities. The interweaving of the archaeological and historical record sheds light upon the replication of class and culture through themes such as the "cult of domesticity" at this remote location, a decade prior to British colonization.
This paper discusses missionization in New Zealand and Australia during the nineteenth century. Despite sharing aspects of colonial history and a geographical proximity in the South Pacific, the development of missions in both countries was disparate, leading to two very different types of missions, types I have identified as the "household" mission in New Zealand and the "institutional" mission in Australia. In both types common themes can be found, concerned with the "civilizing mission," domesticity, and gender roles. These two types of missions were replicated in other parts of the globe, such as North America and the Pacific.
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