Coffee in Colombia has favorable characteristics for agroforestry practices; farmers traditionally grow coffee under various types of organic coffee systems, mainly dominated by associated systems coffee with shade leguminous tree species, making it one of the essential ecosystems for microorganisms life. This research was developed in the coffee region of Puente Abadia, Villavicencio, Colombia; the objective was to evaluate the heterotrophic aerobic microbial population in Coffea arábica var. Castilla of bacteria (BP), fungi (FP) and actinomycetes (AP), due to the combined effect of three factors. Factor A was related to two bioclimates zones: Low altitude zone <700 m a.s.l. (Z1) and high altitude zone >700 m a.s.l. (Z2); factor B corresponded to two coffee systems: coffee monoculture system (unshaded) (S1), associated coffee system (shaded) (S2) and control treatment of fruit monoculture system (S3). On the other hand, factor C referred to two sampling depth, corresponding to a 0-20 cm depth (D1) and 20-30 cm depth (D2). Significant differences (P≤0.05) between the Z2*S2*D2 factor interaction caused the highest (BP) and (AP); (AP) also was positively influenced by the Z2*S2*D1, Z1*S2*D2 and Z1*S2*D1 interactions (P≤0.05). The (FP) was affected positively by the Z1*S2*D2 and Z1*S2*D1 interactions. The (S2) (shade) had comparative advantages for the soil microbial population, as compared with (S1) and (S3).
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