A 3 2 factorial design was employed to develop an in vitro digestion method for estimation of Fe bioaccessible fractions in cooked chicken meat. The effects of sample size and the in vitro bioaccessible fractions of this essential element were evaluated. A sample preparation method employing a microwave assisted digestion with dilute nitric acid was used prior to total Fe determination. For the bioacessibility studies, the optimized procedure employed 7.5 g of sample and 6% w/v of an acid pepsin solution. This procedure was applied to two kinds of chicken meat samples: breast and liver. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was used to determine total and bioaccessible (chyme or soluble portion) levels of iron in the samples. With respect to total Fe content, the bioaccessible fractions of Fe found in these samples were around 23% and 56 %, for breast and chicken liver, respectively. The chicken liver sample showed the highest total (400 ± 10 mg kg-1) and bioaccessible Fe contents (223 ± 18 mg kg-1) and stands out as a good source of this micronutrient.
The photocatalytic degradation of salicylic acid (SA) in reduced concentration (14.5 µmol L-1) was investigated using TiO2 and ZnO as photocatalysts under irradiation with UV light using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC analysis. The effect of different catalysts and catalyst loading, kinetic analysis, and dissolution of ZnO using the experimental conditions adopted were evaluated in acidic medium (pH = 3.0). Chronic ecotoxicity tests of the effluent from the reactions were conducted employing a concentration of 1 g L-1 of photocatalysts. The results showed that TiO2 and ZnO presented very similar performance for the SA degradation, whose profile followed first-order kinetics. The dissolution of ZnO observed was low using the experimental conditions adopted. Chronic ecotoxicity tests carried out showed that the use of ZnO/UV system for degradation of SA leads to a product with significant harmful effects on Ceriodaphnia dubia, even at reduced concentrations of the effluent from the reaction.
Nesse trabalho foram investigadas diferentes estratégias para avaliar abioacessibilidade de Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn e Zn em amostras de material particuladoatmosférico (PM) e poeira ressuspendida (PR) das cidades de Juiz de ForaeCongonhas, coletadas em um período de 12 meses. A caracterização morfológicae química feita usando diferentes técnicas (DRX, MEV, EDS e MLA) demonstrou, tanto para as amostras de PR quanto para as amostras de PM, os mesmosconstituintes majoritários (óxidos e hidróxidos de ferro (FeOOH), óxido de alumínio(Al2O3), quartzo (SiO2), compostos de argila e fases contendo Al). Os parâmetrosinstrumentais para a determinação dos analitos por espectrometria de absorçãoatômica com chama (FAAS) e espectrometria de absorção atômica comfornodegrafite (GFAAS) também foram investigados tendo sido obtidos resultadosadequados em termos de precisão (RSD < 10%) e exatidão (recuperação de95a105%). Como o esperado a deposição diária média dos analitos (µg m-2 dia-1 ) foi menor no período chuvoso e maior na estação seca. Já o fator de enriquecimento(FE) e a correlação de Pearson, por outro lado, associaram os elementos Cd, Cr, Mn e Zn às fontes antrópicas relacionadas a emissões industriais e veiculares. Foram determinados os teores totais dos analitos de interesse nas amostrasdePM e PR e, através de testes in vitro, obteve-se a fração bioacessível paraabsorção nos tratos gastrointestinal e pulmonar. As quantidades disponíveisemnível gastrointestinal ficaram em torno de 90%, para os analitos Cd eZn, eaproximadamente 16% para o Fe. Com relação aos teores pulmonares, as fraçõesbioacessíveis variaram de 6 a 46% (Zn), de 8 a 31% (Cd), de 0,34 a 13%(Mn), de 0,38 a 3% (Cr) e de 0,21 a 9% (Fe). Por fim, foi possível fazer a avaliação deriscopara a saúde associada ao contato dérmico, pulmonar e gastrointestinal dasamostras investigadas. Para a maioria dos pontos investigados foi verificadoorisco de crianças e adultos desenvolverem algum tipo de câncer ao longo davida. Para o ponto P4 (Juiz de Fora) foram observados valores de risco paraodesenvolvimento de outras doenças não associadas ao câncer.
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