During the early 21st century, nanotechnology has stood strong in the oil and gas industry, with many applications that have gone from laboratory and numerical simulation studies to successful trial applications in the field. In this Review, recent advances of nanofluid and nanoparticle applications in real environments of the oil and gas industry are presented. These applications cover more than 20 wells in Colombia that have been treated to overcome different formation damage mechanisms, such as asphaltene precipitation/deposition, fines migration, and inorganic scale deposition. Also, different approaches to enhance drilling fluids in Canada, Brazil, Iran, and Colombia are examined. In the case of improved oil recovery (IOR), different applications are discussed, including strategies to improve the productivity of heavy crude oil and extra-heavy crude oil reservoirs through enhanced mobility and hydraulic fracturing in Colombia, a field trial for water shutoff in Csongrad-3 formation in the Algyo field in Hungary, nanocapsules injection for wettability alteration, applications of gas injection (N2 and CO2) in the presence of nanoparticles in Austin chalk, Buda and Eagle Ford formations in the United States, and the use of nanoparticle-assisted foams for well dewatering in China. For secondary and tertiary recovery, we explore the design and implementation of A-Dots and carbon quantum dots as tracers in Saudi Arabia and Colombia, respectively, hydrophobic nanoparticles as drag reducers in injector wells in China, and nanofluids for enhancing chemical enhanced oil recovery processes in southern Colombia. It is worth mentioning that the results were based on oil production and reserves derived from production curves and analysis of the declination curves. Finally, challenges and perspectives of the role of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry today are discussed.
The main objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a nanotechnology-based material in combination with a commercial corrosion inhibitor (CI) as an alternative to reduce the corrosion rate in oil and gas facilities. The corrosion rate (CR) of surface facilities coupons was estimated using weight loss analysis as the response variable in the following study, showing that in absence of CI treatments, carbon steel (CS) coupon displays corrosion rates over 2.1 mm·y−1. Four commercial CI were evaluated at concentrations ranging between 35-50 mg·L−1 to select the most suitable treatment at surface facilities conditions, showing CR reductions of around 12.2 and 22.5% in both dosages for the best CI treatment. SiO2 and Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) nanomaterials were added to the selected CI at nanoparticle dosages from 50 to 500 mg·L−1 to improve the behavior of the selected treatment in presence of production brine. The effectiveness of the proposed nanomaterials is strongly dependent on the nanoparticle concentration, and hence, its dispersion degree onto the metallic surface, whereas low dosages in SiO2 lead to an increase in the CR, however, low dosages in CQD lead to a reduction of the CR. The proposed NanoIC was evaluated using 1M HCl solutions to study the role of the nanoparticles in strong acid media. The corrosion rates for CS outcrops in the presence of production brine with 1M HCl was 8.6 mm·y−1, which suggests an important role of mineral acids in the corrosion phenomena. In the presence of CI at a dosage of 35 mg·L−1, the corrosion rate was reduced by 10.7%. The CR of CS surfaces treated with brine and strong acid solutions in presence of NanoCI containing CQD nanomaterials at 50 mg·L−1 shows reductions of 28.6 and 74.2%, respectively. It can be concluded, the nanoparticles act as a corrosion inhibitor agent, reducing the interaction between the acid molecules and the steel surface by the formation of a thin film. This work opens the landscape into the incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials in surface oil and gas operations for the reduction of the corrosion rate in the facilities during the production stage in the wells by the synergistic behavior between commercial corrosion inhibitor and nanoparticles.
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