Objectives To provide clinical validation of a recent 2D SENSE-based accelerated cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) sequence (accelerated k-t SENSE), investigating whether this technique accurately quantifies left ventricle (LV) volumes, function, and mass as compared to 2D cine steady-state free precession (2D-SSFP). Methods Healthy volunteers ( n = 16) and consecutive heart failure patients ( n = 26) were scanned using a 1.5 T MRI system. Two LV short axis (SA) stacks were acquired: (1) accelerated k-t SENSE (5–6 breath-holds; temporal/spatial resolution: 37 ms/1.82 × 1.87 mm; acceleration factor = 4) and (2) standard 2D-SSFP (10–12 breath-holds; temporal/spatial resolution: 49 ms/1.67 × 1.87 mm, parallel imaging). Ascending aorta phase-contrast was performed on all volunteers as a reference to compare LV stroke volumes (LVSV) and validate the sequences. An image quality score for SA images was used, with lower scores indicating better quality (from 0 to 18). Results There was a high agreement between accelerated k-t SENSE and 2D-SSFP for LV measurements: bias (limits of agreement) of 2.4% (− 5.4% to 10.1%), 6.9 mL/m 2 (− 4.7 to 18.6 mL/m 2 ), − 1.5 (− 8.3 to 5.2 mL/m 2 ), and − 0.2 g/m 2 (− 11.9 to 12.3 g/m 2 ) for LV ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume index, end-systolic volume index, and mass index, respectively. LVSV by accelerated k-t SENSE presented good agreement with aortic flow. Interobserver and intraobserver variabilities for all LV parameters were also high. Conclusion The accelerated k-t SENSE CMR sequence is clinically feasible and accurately quantifies LV volumes, function, and mass, with short acquisition time and good image quality.
The diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is often made using paramagnetic contrast media. The Food and Drug Administration published a warning report about the risk of developing Systemic Nephrogenic Syndrome associated with the use of contrast media containing gadolinium. Recently, a non-contrast technique called Time-spatial Labeling Invertion Pulse (T-Slip) has shown great promise in the evaluation of renal artery stenosis. Objective: The objective is to describe the T.Slip technique and illustrate its importance in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis.
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