BACKGROUNDWomen earn less than men at most career stages. Explanations for a gender gap in wages include gender differences in the allocation of household and domestic work. At the family level, a marital age difference is an important shared characteristic that might play a role in determining a woman's career trajectory, and, therefore, her income. Since women tend to marry older men, we investigate whether women whose husbands are older have lower incomes than women whose husbands are the same age or younger. OBJECTIVEThis study investigates whether the age gap between a woman and her partner was associated with her income in Denmark in 2010. METHODSWe use data on Danish female twin pairs in 2010. Our design includes samples within twin pairs (n = 4,716) and pooled twin samples (n = 13,354) to account for differences in early household environments and uses unconditional quantile regression to model the association between the age gap and the woman's income.

Women earn less than men at most career stages, and they also tend to partner with older men. This study investigates whether being the younger partner in a marriage reduces a woman's incentive to pursue an independent career. We hypothesize that the income gender gap might be partially explained by the age differences between spouses. Using both a within-twin (n = 4716) and pooled-twin (n = 13354) design to more readily account for differences in early household environments, we investigated for Denmark whether the age gap between a female twin and her partner has any influence on her income. The hypothesis could not be confirmed, as the age gap between partners did not appear to be associated with women's earnings. The finding that women's wages were generally unaffected by partnering with an older man could be a result of heterogeneous groups of women entering men-older partnerships. Future research should explore this question further by using the number of promotions to assess the career success of women, and should extend this work to countries with different social welfare systems and less egalitarian gender norms.

Objectives To explore temporal trends and individual‐level determinants of hospital deaths at ages 50 and older in Denmark from 1980 to 2014. Design Individual‐level register‐based retrospective study. Setting Denmark, 1980 to 2014. Participants All deaths that occurred in Denmark from 1980 to 2014 among individuals 50 years or older (N = 1 834 437), extracted from population registers. Measurements A death was defined as a hospital death if the individual was admitted to the hospital as an inpatient and the date of discharge from the hospital is equal to the date of death. Results The percentage of hospital deaths decreased in both sexes (all ages combined, men: 56% to 44%; women: 49% to 39%) and at ages 50 to 79, remained almost unchanged at ages 80 to 89, and increased in the oldest age group (90+ men: 27% to 32%; women: 18% to 24%). We observed increasing trends of hospital deaths for three groups, people 90 years and older, dying from respiratory diseases, and who had terminal hospitalizations lasting 1 to 3 days. Subanalysis of all hospital deaths according to length of the terminal hospitalizations suggests that the overall reduction of hospital deaths might be driven by a reduction in hospitalizations that were longer than 1 week. Persons who are married, have middle or high income, have a history of hospitalizations in the year before death, or die because of respiratory diseases have higher odds of dying in a hospital. Conclusion Results provide evidence that Danes 50 years and older are increasingly dying outside the hospital context. We find three age‐specific patterns in the proportion of hospital deaths. Changes in healthcare and social systems implemented in Denmark during the observation period may underlie the broader reduction in hospital deaths in the country. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:471–476, 2019.

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