Despite considerable research into the effects of alcohol on behaviour, there appears to be little information available about the influence of alcohol on interpersonal judgement. An experiment was carried out to test the hypothesis that alcohol would affect subjects' ability to judge facial expressions of emotion. Thirty male and 30 female normal social drinkers were allocated at random to high alcohol, low alcohol or placebo conditions and were shown photographs of faces displaying basic emotions. As predicted, subjects in the high alcohol condition made more errors and subjects in the low alcohol condition fewer errors than subjects in the placebo condition. Accuracy of judgement also varied significantly according to the sex of the subject and the category of emotion being judged. In particular, alcohol was associated with greater impairment of judgements of anger than of other emotions. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the association between alcohol and violence, and the use of social skills training with problem drinkers.
The process and outcome of clinical tasks in an acute psychiatric unit were compared using four different communication modes: face to face, telephone, hands-free telephone, and a low-cost videoconferencing system. Six doctors and six patients took part in the study. Four assessment measures were used. The videoconferencing system was positively received by both patients and doctors. Both doctors and patients preferred communication modes with visual cues. However, there were few significant differences between communication modes when using single measures; only multiple levels of analysis can adequately assess the differences between such modes of communication.
A selective review of studies concerning body image is presented to illustrate the diversity of approaches which have been adopted. Equivocal definitions of the concept of body image and the difficulties inherent in its measurement are examined and the most popular measurement techniques are described and criticized.
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